MI-6 officer and Sovietagent, during a stay in England in 1943. His
personal and professional relationship with Philby continued when
Philby later became the Secret Intelligence Service(SIS) liaison with
the CIA and the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) in Wash-
ington. His close friendhip with Philby colored Angleton’s judgments
about the British officer, probably delaying the identification of
Philby as a Soviet penetration agent.
Once Philby’s treachery became known, Angleton became ob-
sessed with the notion of further penetrations of the CIA, particularly
after the defection of Anatoly Golitsynfrom the KGBin 1961. In
fact, Angleton came to believe that most of the CIA’s assets and con-
tacts were KGB-controlled and that defectorswere actually Russian
agents sent to the West to spread disinformation. Angleton subse-
quently engaged in a “mole hunt” that targeted numerous innocent
CIA officers, ruining many careers. Angleton’s excesses led DCI
Colby to force Angleton into retirement in 1974.ARBENZ GUZMAN, JACOBO (1913–1971). Democratically
elected president of Guatemala between 1950 and and 1954. An
agrarian reformer, Arbenz instituted various projects to confiscate
unusued land for distribution to peasants. He also threatened to na-
tionalize the holdings of the United Fruit Company, in which many
American politicians and prominent individuals held stock. President
Dwight D. Eisenhowercondemned the Arbenz government as a
“communist dictatorship” and authorized the Central Intelligence
Agency (CIA) to conduct a covert actionto oust Arbenz. The CIA
employed a combination of propagandaand paramilitary forces to
whip up opposition to the Arbenz regime and force him out of office.
Toppling Arbenz and his government ushered in decades of dicta-
torhips and numerous human rights violations of genocidal propor-
tions. See also SUCCESS (OPERATION).ARMS CONTROL.Arms control refers to the diplomatic efforts by both
the United States and the Soviet Unionduring the Cold Warto estab-
lish limits on the quantitative and qualitative aspects of nuclear weapon
stocks or to reduce their numbers on a reciprocal basis. The Limited
Nuclear Test Ban Treaty(LNTBT), for example, was negotiated in the
1960s to restrict nuclear tests to underground experimental conditions.ARMS CONTROL•705-398 (2) Dictionary.qxd 10/20/05 6:27 AM Page 7