258 NOTESTO PAGES92-99- Seetheinterestingmemo,"NotebytheAgaKhanandM. A. Ali Baigonthe
Situationin Egypt,"I2Jan.1915,IOLR/L/P&S/IO/464;andMacmunnandFalls,Mili-
taryOperationsEgypt&Palestine,19-25.
96.Theseandothermeasuresarediscussedin WO,"SudanIntelligenceReport,"
244 (Nov.1914)and245 (Dec.1914),PRO/FO371/2349/9692, 17709. - FO toRodd, 24 Sept.1914;RoddtoGrey, 6 Oct.1914,PRO/FO371/1971/5279,
56623;and"ClearoftelegramNo. 15dated20th.September 1914 fromBimbashiRoyle
SalloomtoSawahilAlexandria.,"PRO/WO157/687. - Asexamples,noteCheethamtoGrey, 18 Oct.and3 Nov. 1914,PRO/FO371/
1971/60770,66798.
99.CheethamtoGrey, 14Dec.194,PRO/FO371/1971/87398;andEvans-Pritchard,
(^12) 5.
IOO.WO,"SudanIntelligenceReport,"244 (Nov. 1914)and245 (Dec.1914),PROf
FO 371/2349/9692,17709;andBusch,Britain, India,andthe Arabs,59, 220-22
IOI.WO,"SudanIntelligenceReport,"245 (Dec.1914),PRO/FO371/2349/17709.
I02.Busch,Britain, India,andthe Arabs,217-22.
I03.Ontheoriginsofthisideaandonthedebateovermilitarystrategybetween
"Easterners"and"Westerners,"seePaulM.Kennedy,The RealitiesbehindDiplo-
macy:BackgroundInfluenceson British External Policy,I865-I980,179-83;andjames,
RiseandFalloftheBritishEmpire,357-58.
I04. Nigel SteelandPeterHart,DefeatatGallipoli,2-IO;AlanMoorehead,Gallipoli,
84; B. H.LiddellHart,The Real War,I9I4-I9I8,146-49;andWoodwatd,63-66.
- FAILED EXPECTATIONS ONBOTHSIDES, 1915
I. Asexamples,seejackhtoZimmermann,3Jan. 1915 ("BerichtuberdieOrgan-
isationinKonstantinopelzutRevolutionierungfeindlicherGebiere."),NARA/T-I37/
143/0153-57;andHumann,''VertraulicheMitteilungenvom2.Januar1915.,"YUL/]iickh
Papers/r/zo. - Inthisregard,Prufer,"Krieg,"enttiesfor 27, 30 Oct. 1914,HIWRP/Priiferpa-
pets,is revealing. ForthenumberofBritishtroopsinEgyptinjanuary,seeMacMunn
andFalls,MilitaryOperationsEgypt&Palestine,48;andWavell, 27.Alsonoteabove,
87,regardingtheproblemofcollectingintelligenceinformationin Egypt.
3.AccordingtoKress, 67,74: "We were verybadlyinstructedonthesituationof
theenemy."ForPrufer'spessimisticviewofthecorpsanditspoorprospectsfor a
successfulattackonthecanal,see hisreportstoOppenheim,3 Nov.and 31 Dec.1914,
NARA/T-I37/23/02I3-I4,0635-42.
4.Prufer,"Krieg,"entryfornJan.1915,HIWRP/PriiferPapers;andMcKale,Curt
Priiter,34.
5.Oppenheim,memo,22Jan.1915,NARA/T-I37/I36/00584. - Ibid.
7.ThefailedTurkisheffortstorecruitthemandBritishapproachestothesame
are inAntonius,142-47;Dawn,FromOttomanismtoArabism,24-25;Kedourie,En-
glandandtheMiddleEast,58;andBusch,Britain, India,andthe Arabs,216-25.
8.ShakespeartoSir Percy Cox(Residentin thePersianGulf), 4 Jan.1915,IOLR/
R/I5/^2 /JI. - Ibid.LondonhadreceivedwordofShakespear'sinformationfromIndiabyat