pardons (cont.):
the cabinet and, after 1689290 , 346 – 59 ,
449 – 54 ; development of the recorder’s
written report 450 – 2 ; lords justices and
347 , 348 , 450 , 451 ; timing of the
recorder’s report 460
pardoning process before 1689278 , 283 – 4 ,
287 – 91 , 293 , 296 – 8 , 346
conditional on hard labour 366 , 367 – 8
conditional on joining the forces 366 – 7 , 449
conditional on self-banishment 295 , 368 , 449
conditional on transportation 290 – 1 , 293 ,
296 – 7 , 301 , 353 , 364 – 6 , 427 , 428 , 449 ,
457 – 8 , 471 , 472
free/absolute pardons 290 , 295 , 299 , 349 , 362 ,
364 , 368 , 449
grounds for pardons 298 – 9 , 352 – 6 , 354 – 5 ,
357 – 60 , 452 – 3 , 454 – 6
petitions for 290 , 298 , 350 , 352 , 355 , 357 – 9 ,
439 , 449 , 450
reprieves/pardons before sentence 293 ,
296 – 7 , 298 , 341
from transportation 442 – 4
parliament:
commons committee on the criminal law, 1751
198
influence of City of London in 323 – 38 , 331 ,
428 – 30
legislation concerning crime, criminal law and
its administration 66 – 7 , 231 , 247 – 8 , 250 ,
256 , 291 – 3 , 311 – 12 , 314 – 38 , 427 , 463 , 465
proponents of criminal legislation 322 – 3 , 328
Paxton, Nicholas 386 , 388 , 389
Payne, Edward 165
Pengelly, Serjeant 425
petty larceny, seecriminal offences
Picadilly 212
picking pockets, seecriminal offences
pillory, seepunishments
Pocklington, Jeremy 371 – 2
police and policing 81 – 2 , 84 , 86 – 7 , 91 , 114 ,
417 – 23 , 469 – 70
changing policing problems and expectations
83 , 114 , 119 , 124 , 130 , 146 – 7 , 157 , 469 – 70
criticisms of constables and the watch 79 , 120 ,
149 – 50
historiography 79 – 81
meanings of ‘police’ 77 – 9 , 84
New Police 79 – 80 , 85
see alsobeadles; constables; marshals; night
watch; thief-takers
Popish Plot 171
post office 247
Poultry compter 48 – 9 , 95 , 107 , 160 , 186
precincts, seeLondon, City of, constitution and
governance
Priddeth, Christopher (or Pritty) 245Privy Council 384
prostitutes and nightwalkers 238 , 245
Pulman, John 229 , 233
punishments:
before 1660278 – 80
capital punishment: incidence and fluctuation
of 278 – 80 , 296 , 298 – 301 , 308 , 328 – 9 ,
356 – 7 , 359 – 62 , 448 , 453 – 4 , 457 – 61 , 472 – 3 ,
474 ; timing ofTyburn ‘hanging days’
352 , 360 , 460 ; Tyburn 18 , 51 , 59 , 62 , 63 ,
129 , 155 – 6 , 299 – 301 , 307 , 313 , 360 , 474
hard labour 309 – 11 , 321 , 326 , 331 – 5 , 342 , 344 ,
361 , 471
limits of penal terror 249 – 50 , 301 , 308 , 320 – 2 ,
446 – 8 , 474 – 5
pillory 129 , 253 , 307
punishment and public space 307 – 8 , 473 – 5
search for non-capital punishment for petty theft
301 – 5 , 308 – 9 , 320 , 327 , 329 , 330 – 4 , 470
transportation: acts 427 – 31 , 472 ; alteration of
initial transportation sentences 439 – 41 ,
446; as an alternative to hanging 279 – 80 ,
291 , 308 – 9 , 332 , 428 , 449 ; colonial laws
prohibiting 365 , 471 ; enthusiasm for at
the Restoration 291 – 4 , 301 ; problems of
before 1718294 – 6 , 362 , 364 – 8 , 428 , 471 ;
as a punishment for felony 291 – 3 , 301 – 4 ,
309 , 427 – 9 , 437 – 42 , 444 , 446 – 7 , 471 ; self-
transportation 295 ; system of after 1718
432 – 3 , 437 – 8 , 473 ; see alsoThomson,
Sir William
whipping 24 , 129 , 279 , 287 – 90 , 304 – 8 , 344 ,
346 , 428 – 9 , 432 – 3 , 439 , 444 – 7 , 473 ; in
private 445 ; in public 306 – 8 , 444 , 473 – 4 ;
whipping sentences in London compared
to other jurisdictions 306 – 7 , 446 – 7
Raby, John 453 , 454
Radzinowicz, Sir Leon 80
Ranleigh Gardens 468
receiving and receivers, seecriminal offences
recorder 6 , 11 , 13 – 14 , 15 , 35 , 217 – 18 , 262 , 290 ,
297 , 349 , 350 , 391
deputy recorder 449 , 453 – 4
see alsopardons and pardon procedure; and
Jeffreys, Sir George, Lovell, Sir Salathiel,
and Thomson, Sir William
Red Lion Square 237
Reeves, Richard 212
rewards:
ad hocand private rewards 230 – 1
offered by royal proclamation 235 , 247 , 318 ,
378 – 80 , 382 – 3 , 401 – 6 , 405 – 6 , 407 , 408 – 9 ,
431
payment of 401 – 4 , 405 , 409 , 410 , 411 , 413
statutory 85 , 103 , 185 , 202 , 227 , 230 , 231 , 247 ,
256 , 318 , 377 – 8 , 378 – 9 , 407488 Indexindex.y5 11/6/01 12:09 PM Page 488