1044 NOTES TO CHAPTER 4
- Ibid. 12:39b-40a.
- Ibid. 14: 14b. Ch'ing-lien Huang cited Ma Chou's views in "The Recruitment and
Assessment of Civil Officials under the T'ang Dynasty," pp. 73-74, and summarized briefly
with extensive material in footnotes all criticism of recruitment and assessment in the
T'ang, pp. 28 I -9 I. - PGSR 14:1sb-16a; Huang, "Recruitment and Assessment of Civil Officials," p.
283, n. 605, item 2.
7 I. PGSR 14: I Sb-16a; Huang, "Recruitment and Assessment of Civil Officials," p.
283, n. 605, item 2. - PGSR I4:16a-b.
- Ibid. 14:33b-3Sb. Huang discussed two of Lii Chih's memorials between 792 and
- He also criticized short terms of office and frequent transfer of officials. Emperor
Te-tsung, however, did not adopt his ideas. "Recruitment and Assessment of Civil Offi-
cials," pp. 183-87; Denis Twitchett, "Lu Chih (754-805): Imperial Adviser and Court
Official," in Arthur F. Wright and Denis Twitchett, ed., Confucian Personalities (Stan-
ford, Calif.: Stanford University Press, 1962), p. lOS. - PGSR 12:1Sb.
- Ibid. 12:1sb-I7a.
- Ibid. I2:42a, 43a.
- Ibid. 12:4 1 b.
- Ibid. 12:20a.
- Thomas H. C. Lee, Government Education and Examinations in Sung China (Hong
Kong: Chinese University Press, 1985), pp. 241-43. - PGSR 12:20b-21a.
8I. Ibid. 12:20b. - Ibid. 12:46a, 4Sb.
- Chaffee, Thorny Gates ()f Learning, pp. 67-68.
- Ibid., pp. 47-48.
- For his description of the Ming system, see PGSR 12:2 I a-b.
- Ibid. 12:21b-22a.
- Ibid. 12:22b.
- Ibid.
- Ibid.
- See Hugh Kang, "Institutional Borrowing: The Case of the Chinese Civil Service
Examination in Early Koryo, Journal of Asian Studies 24, no. I (November 1974): lO9-
9I. PGSR 12:22b-23a.
- Ibid.
- For his coverage of Choson, see ibid. 12:23b-24b.
- Ibid. 12: 12b.
- Ibid. 12:24b.
- Yi Songmu, "Sonch'o ili Songgyun'gwan yon'gu" [A study of the National Acad-
emy in the early Choson dynasty], Y6ksa hakpo 35-36 (December 1967):219-68.