Confucian Statecraft and Korean Institutions. Yu Hyongwon and the Late Choson Dynasty - James B. Palais

I076 NOTES TO CHAPTER 7

vate individuals if either the well-field or equal-field systems were to be adopted. A land

limitation scheme could not work as long as private property continued to exist.

Even if you should want to adopt the limited fields and name fields lming-t'ien

or myongjoll in Korean pronunciation] of the Han dynasty, those who have land

will occupy large amounts and will be able to buy up even more without limit

while the government will not be able to stop them from doing so. And those

who do not have land will not even have enough to stand an awl on. Even if you

wanted to set limits [on landholding], there would be no way to do it.

Li-Iai chih-tu hsiang-shuo, ch. 9, t'ien-ehih, ehih-tu, in Hsii Chin-hua ts'ung-shu, com-
piled by Tung-lai hsien-sheng Lli Tsu-eh'ien, Po-kung 9:3b.
He also suggested that the government should look around for areas where there was
available land, take control of it, and set up a well-field system in such places as a start
toward overall reform. Ibid. 9Aa. Lii flourished in the late twelfth century.

94. Sudo, "'Sodai no tochi seidoron," p. 281. The source for Chu Hsi's evaluation of
    Lin Hslin is the "'Essay on the People" (Lun-min) in Chu-tzu yii-lei. ch. 111. See also
    Sudo, "Sodai no tochi seidoron," pp. 286-91,315.


95. That is, there is no explicit statement by Chu Hsi in the text cited by Yu in PGSR
    5:30b-34a. For the statement about the Later Chou, see ibid, 5:34a for a reference in
    Yu's commentary to Ou-yang Hsiu's Wu-tai-shih [History of the Five Dynasties].


96. PGSR 5:25b.


97. Ibid. 5:^2 5a-b.


98. Ibid. 5:35a-b.


99. Ibid. 5:26a-b.
    IOO. Sudo, "Sodai no tochi seidoron," pp. 264-65, 273.
    IOI. Ibid .. pp. 292-97.
    I02. Sudo Yoshiyuki, "Hokuso ni okeru hoden kinseiho no shiko katei" [The process
    of the adoption of the square-field equal-tax system in the Northern Sung], in idem,
    Chugoku tochi seidoshi kenkyti [Studies in the history of Chinese land systems] (Tokyo:
    Tokyo daigaku shuppankai, 1954), pp. 434-509.
    I03· Ibid., p. 447.
    I04. Sudo, "Sodai no toehi seidoron," pp. 273, 299-300, 302-4, 316-17; Sudo,
    "Nansomatsu no kodenho" [The public field system of the Southern Sung], in idem,
    ChL1goku tochi seidoshi kenkyu [Studies in the land systems of China] (Tokyo: Tokyo
    daigaku shuppankai, 1954).


100. PGSR 1:la-b.
     I06. Ibid.


101. For a discussion of kongjon in the early Koryo context, see Palais, "Land Tenure
     in Korea," Journal ot'Korea/l Studies 4 (1982-1983):73-205.
     I08. PGSR 1:2a.
     I09-Ibid. J :2a-b.
     1 IO. Ibid. I: I b-2a et passim.
     III. Ibid. I :2b-3a.