T086 NOTES TO CHAPTER 9
because their production would have been double Yi's estimate, an even less regressive
rate than what Yi intended. Ibid., pp, 268-74, 284.
- He cited Yu Hyongwon's statement that peasants living in the uplands could earn
more than subsistence by planting only 20 mal of rice annually, while the peasants in the
lowlands or plains were left starving by spring even though they planted more than 30
mal of seed. The reason was that the upland peasants were more diligent in their prac-
tices and reaped a crop twice as plentiful as the lazier downland peasants. Based on sim-
ilar calculations, Yi criticized Yu's plan for reimbursement of officials to award the 50
percent rent on 6 kyong of land to lower officials of rank 7 and below because it would
be too low to pay for their upkeep, and the clerks and runners, who would get only half
of that amount, would be left in destitution. Ibid., pp. 268-74, 284.
- Kim Yongsop, "Sipp'al segi nongch'on chijig'in ui nong'opkwan" [The views on
agriculture of rural intellectuals in the eighteenth century], in idem, Chason hugi
nongopsa V()11 'gu ( J 970), pp. 4-25. For the source for Chongjo's comment in 1799, see
ibid., p. 22, 11.40, cited from the Ils()ngnak, Chongjo 23.2.11. He must have thought that
the chikch(11l system consisted of land grants to officials, but in fact chikch6n referred to
prebendal grants of tax income rather than the land itself.
- Ibid., pp. 29-46.
- Kim Yongs()p believed that his essay on land (ch611oll) had to have been written
much later than his essay on the well-field system (kY(lngjollan) in his Kyongse yup'yo.
See Kim Yongsop, "Sipp'alku segi ui nong'op silchong," pp. 93-94.
- Hong Isop, ChOng Yagyong iii chOllgch 'i kyeJllgje sasang yon' gu [A study of the
political and economic thought of Chong Yagyong] (Seoul: Han'guk yon'gu tosogwan,
1959), pp. I07-8.
- Ibid., pp. 78-88.
- Ibid .. pp, 93-94·
- Ibid., pp. 95-99: Pak Chonggun, "Tasan, Tei Jyakuya no tochi kaikaku shisa no
kosatsu: Kosaku (noryoku ni oj ita) tochi bunpai 0 choshin to shite" [A study of Tasan,
Chong Yagyong's ideas on land reform: Distribution of land in accordance with labor],
ChOsen liakuhti 28 (July 1963):83-85, I04; Hong Isop, Clulllg Yagyong i:ii chOngch'i
ky()llgje sasang Hill 'gu, p. 1 10.
- Hong Isop, ChOng Yagyong, p. 1 IO, n-43; Pak Chonggun, "Tasan," pp. 85-86; Chong
Yagyong [Yun Set'aek, ed.] ChOng Tasall ch6ns() [The collected works of Chong Tasan I
2 (Seoul: Munhon p'yonch'an wiwonhoc, 1961): 220. He referred to Pak Chiwon's ver-
sion, but he just as easily could have cited Yi Ik's.
- Kim Yongsop, "Sipp'alku segi iii nong'op silchong," pp. IOI-7.
- Pak Chonggiin, "Tasan," pp. 86-98; Hong Isop, ChOng Yagyong, pp. 1 I 1 -12.
- Pak Chonggiin, "Tasan," pp. 86-98; Hong Isop, ChOng Yagyong, pp. I JI-12.
- Pak ChonggL111. "Tasan," pp. 79, I04, 109, For direct references to Tasan's works,
see the footnotes in Pak's article and in subsequent sources cited.
- Kim Yongsop. "Sipp'alku segi iii nong'op silchong." pp. 99-101. 107-IO.
- Ibid .. pp. J 10-25.
- Ibid .. pp. J 25-2X, 134-36.
