ro88 NOTES TO CHAPTER ror o. This regulation appears to indicate that slaves owned, rather than simply occupied
or possessed, the land on which they paid the land tax, for if the master were the regis-
tered owner, one would expect that he also would have been the subject of tax reduction.
r I. Ch'a, "Hyojong Iii kun 'gi kwangch'ung," pt. 1, pp. 47-48.
f2. PGSR 2 I :31a-32a, for this and previous quotations. The order of the quoted mate-
rial has been rearranged slightly. Yu's short commentary to his proposed law to remedy
the practice of substitute cloth taxes contains a brief summary of the points made above.
Ibid. 21: 30a-b.
- Ibid. 2 I :68b; see also 21:3 I b.
- Ibid. 2 I :68a-b.
IS. Ibid. 26:68b. - Ibid. 2I:3Ib-32a.
- Ibid. 2I:30b-3Ia.
- Ibid. 2r:3Ib-32a.
- Ibid. 21 :30b.
- Ibid. 2 r: 3 I a.
2 I. Ibid. 2 r:30b-3 I a. - Ibid. 21:30b, 32b.
- Ibid. 2 r:7 I a-b; KSDSJ 2: 1439-I 440.
- PGSR 2 I :34a-b, 69b.
- Ibid. 2 I :24b, 36a. On 2 I :69b Yu stipulated that troops on frontier duty could be
used as the servants (saryang) of garrison commanders, but their duties should be lim-
ited to carrying firewood. The rest of their time was to be spent in practicing archery and
shooting. - Yu cited the memorial of Chung bong, Cho Han, and Yi Sugwang's Chibong yusol,
preface dated 16r 4, but the latter states on 3:28a (Seoul: Kyong'in munhwasa ed., 1970,
p. 56) that total strength of soldiers and support personnel in Korea (date unspecified)
was no less than 500,000 of which 180,000 were soldiers. PGSR 2 I :64a. - Chibong Ylls0l3:28b-29a.
- These figures were exclusive of marines (.I'llglln) for which Yu had only sparse infor-
mation. The total number of registered soldiers is slightly higher than Minister of War
Won Tup'yo's report in 1653 that there were only 150,000 men on the national military
registers. - PGSR 21 :64b-68a. There are some minor discrepancies in Yu's arithmetic, hardly
worth fussing about. Yu noted elsewhere that the sog'ogun were not provided with sup-
port personnel like the regular troops of good status, an added deficiency that only they
had to suffer. Ibid. 2 [:30b; Min Hyon'gu, "Kunse Choson chon'gi kunsa chedo Iii songnip,"
[The establishment of the early modern military system in the early Choson period], in
Yukkun sagwan hakkyo Han'guk kunsa yon'gusil, Hun'guk kunjesa: Kiinse ChosrJn
chi5n 'gi-p 'YrJn [The history of the Korean military system: The early modern Choson
period] (N.p.: Yukkun ponbo, [968). pp. 43-46. - Chon Hyongt'aek. ChoscJn hugi nobi sinbun yon 'gu [A study of slave status in late
Choson] (Seoul: Ikhogak, [989), pp. 176-77.
3I. The Later Han commentator, Cheng Hstian, in interpreting the Hsiao ssu-tu sec-