Confucian Statecraft and Korean Institutions. Yu Hyongwon and the Late Choson Dynasty - James B. Palais
I 102 NOTES TO CHAPTER 12
- Yongjn sillok 73:79a.
S. Ibid. 7S:7b-Sa.
- For citations, see Ch'a Munsop, "Imnan ihu iii yangyok," pt. 2. Sahak von'gu
Il:II6-!7.
IO. Chong Yonsik, "Yangyok kyunilhwa," pp. T29-30.
I I. Ch 'a Munsop claimed that there were only 2,000 Howigun (Royal Attendant Guards)
in 1636, which may have been equivalent to the later Royal Division soldiers. "Imnan
ihu iii yangyok," pt. 2, p. 120.
- Chong Yonsik, "Yangyok kyunilhwa," pp. 124, 13S. See the proposal ofHo Chok
in 1669 to reduce the district quotas of school students described in chap. 7, and the dis-
cussion of reforms in the 1650S in chap. 12.
- Ch'oe Yongho, "Yuhak, haksaeng, kyosaeng-go," pp. 7-14.
- Hyojong sillok T2:2b; Ch'a Munsop, "Chosonjo Hyojong iii kunbi kwangch'ung,
sang" pI. 2, p. 43; Chong Manjo, "Choson hugi iii yangyok pyont'ong non'ui e taehan
komt'o: Kyunyokpop songnip iii paegyong" [A study of the debatc over reform of the
commoner service system in late Choson: Background to the establishment of the equal
service system]. Ton/idal' l10llch 'ong 7 (April 1977):II n.34: James B. Palais. Politics
and Policy in Traditional Korea (Cambridge: Harvard University Press), pp. 96-97.
- Hyojol1K sillok 21 :Sa-9a (1659), cited in Ch'a Muns(\p, "Hyojong iii kunbi
kwangch'ung," pt. 2, p. 50.
[6. Ibid.
!7. Ibid. 2 I :9a-b.
- Ibid. IO:a-b.
[9. Ibid. 14:6a, cited in Ch'a Munsop. "Hyojong iii kunbi kwangch'ung," pt. 2, pp.
45-4 6.
- Ch'a Munsop, "Hyojong iii kunbi kwangch'ung," pt. 2, pp. 46-47. Scc the dis-
cussion of slave participation in examinations in the early part of the dynasty in Choe
Young-ho [Ch'oc Yongho[, "Commoners in Early Yi Dynasty Civil Examinations: An
Aspect of Korean Social Structure, 1392-1600," Journal of Asian Studies 33, no. 4 (August
1974):611-31.
- HWJnjollg kae.1'l1 sil/ok, 28:2Ib-22a, Hyonjong 15.7.urch'uk. Ch'oe Wingho argued
that after 1626 sons of yang ban enrolled in private academies rather than government
schools like hyanggyo because they could not bear to associate with commoner students,
but this statement suggests that by the third quarter of the century private academies were
by no means restricted to sons of yangban. Ch'oe, "Yuhak, haksaeng, kyosaeng," p. 15.
- Hyonjong kaesu sillok 2S:22b-23a, Hyonjong 15.7.chongmyo.
- Hyonjong kaesu sillok IT30b; 28:26a-27a; Hyonjong sillok 22:27b-2Sa, same
date. These and previous citations on this case are cited in Chong Manjo. "Yangyok
pyont'ong non'ui:' 1977. p. 12 nn. 35-40.
- SlIkchol1g sil/ok 1O:66a; Chong Manjo, "Yangyok pyont'ong non'iii," pp. 13-15.
- Yi Tanha's memorial is in SlIkchong sillok 11:3 Ib-32a. Sukchong 7 A.pyongsul.
For an interpretation of Yi Tanha's memorial, see Chong Manjo, "Yangyok pyont'ong
non'Ui," pp. 10-17.
