Confucian Statecraft and Korean Institutions. Yu Hyongwon and the Late Choson Dynasty - James B. Palais
NOTES TO CHAPTER 17 I [I9
- Ibid. q:9h-rob.
- Ibid. 14: 14a-b. See corrohorating remarks in 14:3 I a-32b. For the rang assessment
of review system. see Ch'ing-lien Huang, "The Recruitment and Assessmcnt of Civil
Officials under the rang Dynasty" (Ph.D. diss. Prineeton University, 1986 J. pp. 100-188.
For the origins of the annual and triennial assessments of officials. see pp. I031T.
- PGSR 14:16b-17a; Tsukiyama lisaburo, Todai seiji seii/o no kenh-ii [A study of
the Tang system of government] (Osaka: Sogenshi, 1967), p. 200.
- PGSR I4:29a-30a; T'ung-tien (Tai-pei: Hsin-hsing shu-chil, 1966), ch. 18, pp. 103-4·
- In 178 B.C., Emperor Wen of the Han dynasty ordered the recommendation of schol-
ars for positions, and in 165 B.C. he also ordered feudal lords, princes, and high officials
to recommend worthy and good men. PGSR 14:2b. Another case of recommendation
was mentioned for high officials in the reigns of Emperors Wen (r. 180-157), Ching
(I56-140), and Yuan (r. 48-32). Ibid. 14:2h-3h, 5a-8b.
- Ibid. 14:8h-9h.
- Ibid. 14: I I a-h.
I I. Ibid. Q:30a-b. T'ung-lien ch. 18, I: 103. See Huang, "'Recruitment and Assess-
ment of Civil Officials under the Tang," p. 106.
- PGSR 14: 15b-I 6a; Huang, "Recruitment and Assessment of Civil Officials," p.
283, n.605. item 2.
- PGSR I4:2Ia-22a.
- Ibid. I4:23b-24a; T'ung-lien ch. 18. 1:101-2: Huang, "Recruitment and Assess-
ment of Civil Officials," p. 240.
- PGSR I4:Ilb-I2a.
- Ibid. I4:44b.
- Ibid. 14: 1 3a-b; Huang, "The Recruitment and Assessment of Civil Officials," p. 107.
- PGSR 14: I 4a-h. See corrohorating remarks in 14:3 Ia-,ph. For the rang assess-
ment of review system. see Huang, "Recruitment and Asscssmcnt of Civil Officials," pp.
100-188. For the origins of the annual and triennial assessments of officials, see pp. 103ff.
- PGSR 14: 14a-h: Huang describes this process in more detail. "Recruitment and
Assessment of Civil Officials," pp. 62-63.
- PGSR 14: 14h. Huang cited Ma Chou's views in "Recruitment and Assessment of
Civil Officials," pp. 73-74, and summarized hriefly with extensive material in footnotes
all criticism of reeruitment and assessment in the T'ang, pp. 28 I -91.
2 I. PGSR 14: I7b-I 9a. For other references to Chang Chiu-Iing's advoeacy that can-
didates for magistrates be reviewed thoroughly for their talent and investigated by the
censorate (Yu-shih-tai), see Tsukiyama lisahuro, Tiii/ai seiji seido no kenkyii, pp. 198.
20 I; Denis Twitehett, "Hsuan-tsung," The Cambridge History of China 3 (Cambridge:
Cambridge University Press. I 979):352-53. For an account of the increase in volume
of officials appointed and corruption in the sale of offices after Empress Wu's reign in
697 to Emperor Jui-tsung's reforms in 710, sec Huang, "Recruitment and Assessment of
Civil Officials," pp. 206-1 I.
- PGSR 14:20a; Huang, "Recruitment and Assessment of Civil Officials."' pp. 2 I 6-19:
Twitchett. "Hsuan-tsLll1g." p. 389.
