Confucian Statecraft and Korean Institutions. Yu Hyongwon and the Late Choson Dynasty - James B. Palais

I I40 NOTES TO CHAPTER 23

chief clerks (noksa), 35 mal (3 kok, 5 mal) for clerks (sori), 25 mal for runners (chorye)

and official slavcs (s(/no). The boy servants, however, would only receive 15 mal. Ibid.

19:4a-b.

65. The chief sourcc for figures of acreage, average holdings, and production are to
    be found in Kim YongsClp, Choson hugi nongopsa yon 'gu [Studies in thc agricultural
    history of the late Choson period] (Seoul: Ilchogak, 1970). For an estimate of the size
    of the land held hy the majority of peasants, I used an eyeball estimate of categories D
    and E in the tables on pp. 240-45, which are almost the same as Kim's remarks on p.


66. For further discussion, see his Appendix on Ownership and Production.


67. PGSR 19:30a-b.
    67· Ibid. I9:30b.


68. Ibid.


69. James B. Palais, Politics and Policy in Traditional Korea (Cambridge: Harvard
    University Press, 1975), p. tiT.


70. Han Woo-keun [Han Ugunj, Yijo hugi iii sahoe wa sasang [Society and thought
    in the latc Yi dynasty J (Seoul: Orchi munhwasa, 1961), pp. 33-35. The production fig-
    ure for 1737 was 40-50 srJm or 600-750 mal, but since Han estimated this at 300-375
    mal, he must have regarded the figures in the SUlok as referring to unhusked rice. Pol-
    ished ricc could bc calculated by dividing the figure in half.


71. Han Woo-keun, Yijo hugi, pp. 36-37.


72. Ibid., pp. 37-38.


73. Kim Okkun, Choson hugi kyongjesa yon 'gu [A study of the economic history of
    late Choson] (Seoul: Somundang, 1977), pp. 406-8.
    74· Ibid., pp. 79-^8 0.


74. Ibid., pp. 410-1 I; Han Woo-keun, Yijo hugi, pp. 40-46.


75. PGSR 152: 16a-17a; see also ibid. 3:34a-35b.

CHAPTER 23. Copper Cash and the Monetary System

I. Yi T'aejin, "Simnyuk segi ch'onbang (po) kwan'gae ui paltal: Sarim seryok taedu iii
kyongjejok paegyong iltan" [The development of irrigation dikes in the sixteenth cen-
tury: Part of the economic background to the emergence of the power of the Sarim], in
Yi, Han 'guk sahoesa yongu: nongop kisul paltal kwa .I'ahoe pyondong [Studies in the
social history of Korea: The development of agricultural technology and social change 1
(Seoul: Chisik san'opsa, 1986), pp. 274-88; idem, "Sarimp'a UiYuhyangso pongni undong"
in ibid., pp. 125-85, published originally in Han 'guk munhwa 4 (December 1983): 1 -39.

2. Won Yuhan, "Choson hugi iii kiimsok hwap'ye yut'ong chOngch'aek: Sipch'il segi
   chonban iii tongjon yut'ong sidogiriil chungsim'uro" [Metallic currency policy in late
   Choson: The attempt to circulate copper cash in the first half of the seventeenth century]
   Tongbanghak chi 13 (December 1972): 100.


3. MHBG 1 59:5a-6a.


4. Ch'oe Hojin, Hun'guk hwap'ye sO.l'a [Short history of currency in Korea] (Seoul:
   Sonmundang. 1974), pp. 81-83.