–– C.C. Lamberg-Karlovsky ––
Poliochni Tro y
Athens
Istanbul
Ankara Alaca Höyük
Diyarbakir
Acemhöyük Kültepe
Ebla
Tell Brak
Mosul
Ashur
Mari
Deir ez-Zor
Beirut Damascus
Ur
EriduBasra
Amman
Cairo
Mochlos
Alexandria
Medina
Mecca
Riyadh
Maikop
Tbilisi
Ta b r i z
Black Sea
Mediterranean Sea
Red Sea
R.
Nile
R. Tigris
LakeVan
LakeUrmia
GreatZab
Susa
TAU
RUSMTS
CAU
CASUSM
TS
RUSSIA
CYPRUS
JORDAN
SYRIA
EGYPT
SINAI
SAUDI ARABIA
IRAQ
KUWAIT
LEBANON
TURKEY
ANATOLIA
AR
ME
NIA
AZE
RBA
IJAN
GEORG
IA
R.Euphra
tes
R.
Kh
abu
r
Ca
sp
ian
Se
a
R.D
iyal
a
Littl
eZab
CRETE
AiginaCyclades
Aleppo
Baghdad
Kish
Nippur
Uruk Girsu
Jerusalem
ISRAEL
Modern capital
Modern city
Ancient site
(^0) Kilometres 1000
Kuwait
Figure 29.1Late third millennium interaction spheres
(courtesy of Hélène David, CNRS. Adopted with permission and alterations)