millennium onwards do the two writings alternate in such a way as to prove that the cuneiform
sign INANNA should be read Ishtarin Akkadian context.
7 Similar names expressing this relationship between a male god and a man also occur as Abi-
ensˇim-Urash‘Urash is a father of the weak (male)’.
BIBLIOGRAPHYSelected bibliography on Inanna/Ishtar in generalAbusch, T., 1995 , ‘Ishtar’, in van der Toorn, K., Becking, B. and van der Horst, P.W. (eds),
Dictionary of Deities and Demons in the Bible(Leiden, New York, Köln): 848 – 852 ; reprinted in
NIN, Journal of Near Eastern Gender Studies, 1 ( 2000 ): 23 – 27.
Bahrani, Z., 2000 , ‘The Whore of Babylon’, NIN, Journal of Near Eastern Gender Studies, 1 : 95 – 106.
Beaulieu, P.-A., 2003 , The Pantheon of Uruk during the Neo-Babylonian Period (Leiden, Boston).
Bruschweiler, F., 1987 , Inanna: La déesse triomphante et vaincue dans la cosmologie sumérienne (Leuven,
Geneva).
Colbow, G., 1991 , Die kriegerische Isˇtar – Zu den Erscheinungsformen bewaffeneter Gottheiten zwwischen
der Mitte des 3. und der Mitte des 2. Jahrtausends(Munich).
Farber, W., 1977 , Beschwörungsrituale an Istar und Dumuzi (Wiesbaden).
Frymer-Kensky, T., 2000 , ‘Lolita-Inanna’, NIN, Journal of Near Eastern Gender Studies 1 : 91 – 94.
Glassner, J.-J., 1992 , ‘Inanna et les me’, in de J. Ellis, M. (ed.), Nippur at the Centennial(Philadelphia):
55 – 86.
Groneberg, B., 1986 , ‘Die sumerisch-akkadische Inanna/Isˇtar: Hermaphrodotos?’, Welt des Orients
17 : 25 – 46.
––––, 1997 , Lob der Isˇtar, Gebet und Ritual an die altbabylonische Venusgöttin (Groningen).
Hallo, W. W. and van Dijk, J. J. A., 1968 , The Exaltation of Inanna(New Haven).
Hansen, D. P., 2002 , ‘Through the Love of Ishtar’, in Al-Gailani Werr, L., Curtis, J., Martin, H.,
McMahon, A., Oates, J. and Reade, J. (eds), Of Pots and Plans: Papers on the Archaeology and
History of Mesopotamia and Syria presented to David Oates in Honour of his 75 th Birthday (London):
91 – 112.
Harris, R., 1991 , ‘Inanna-Ishtar as Paradox and a Coincidence of Opposites’, History of Religions
30 : 261 – 278.
Heimpel, W., 1982 , ‘A Catalog of Near Eastern Venus Deities’, Syro-Mesopotamian Studies 4 : 59 – 72.
Hrusˇka, B., 1969 , ‘Das spätbabylonische Lehrgedicht “Inannas Erhöhung” ’, Archiv Orientalní 37 :
473 – 522.
Lackenbacher, S., 1977 , ‘Un nouveau fragment de la “Fête d’Isˇtar” ’, RA 71 : 39 – 50.
Lambert, W. G., 1975 , ‘The Cult of Ishtar of Babylon’, in Le temple et le culte(CRRAI XXXVII,
Leiden): 104 – 106.
––––, 1982 , ‘The Hymn to the Queen of Nippur’, in van Driel, G., Krispijn, T. J. H. et al. (eds),
Zikir Sˇumim: Assyriological Studies presented to F.R. Kraus (Leiden): 173 – 218.
Leick, G., 1994 , Sex and Eroticism in Mesopotamian Literature (London).
Selz, G. J., 2000 , ‘Five Divine Ladies: Thoughts on Inanna(k), Isˇtar, In(n)in(a), Annunı ̄tum, and
Anat, and the Origin of the Title “Queen of Heaven” ’, NIN 1 : 29 – 62.
Steinkeller, P., 1998 , ‘Inanna’s Archaic Symbol’, in Braun, J. et al. (eds), Written on Clay and Stone.
Ancient Near Eastern Studies Presented to Krystyna Szarzy’nska on the Occasion of her 80 th Birthday
(Warsaw): 87 – 100.
Szarzyn ́ ska, K., 1993 , ‘Offerings for the Goddess Inanna in Archaic Uruk’, RA 87 : 7 – 28.
––––, 2000 , ‘Cult of the Goddess Inanna in Archaic Uruk’, NIN, Journal of Near Eastern Gender
Studies 1 : 63 – 74.
Vanstiphout, H. L. H., 1984 , ‘Inanna/Ishtar as a Figure of Controversy’, in Kippenberg, H. G.
et al.(eds), Struggles of Gods(Berlin, New York and Amsterdam): 225 – 238.
— Joan Goodnick Westenholz —