of spiritual practices that bears a remarkable similarity to the Scandinavian seiðr and its
related rituals.
The possible shamanic overtones of Óðinn’s powers have been recognised for more
than a century, embracing the complex beliefs in transformation and shapeshifting and
the northern thought-world of spirits and supernatural communication. Though there is
still fierce debate on the subject, it now seems increasingly likely that seiðr was firmly
a part of this circumpolar shamanic sphere, evolving not under the influence of Sámi
religion but alongside it, as part of the common spiritual heritage of the north.
BIBLIOGRAPHY
Dillmann, F.-X. ( 2006 ) Les magiciens dans l’Islande ancienne, Uppsala: Kungl. Gustav Adolfs
Akademien.
Hedeager, L. ( 1997 ) Skygger af en anden virkelighed. Oldnordiske myter, Copenhagen: Samleren.
Heide, E. ( 2006 a) Gand, seid og åndevind, Bergen: University of Bergen (Dr art. thesis).
——( 2006 b) ‘Spinning seiðr’, in A. Andrén, K. Jennbert and C. Raudvere (eds) Old Norse Religion
in Long-term Perspectives (Vägar till Midgård 8 ), Lund: Nordic Academic Press.
Meulengracht Sørensen, P. ( 1983 ) The Unmanly Man. Concepts of Sexual Defamation in Early
Northern Society (The Viking Collection 1 ), trans. J. Turville-Petre, Odense: Odense University
Press.
Price, N.S. ( 2002 ) The Viking Way. Religion and War in Late Iron Age Scandinavia (Aun 31 ),
Uppsala: Dept. of Archaeology and Ancient History, Uppsala University.
——( 2004 ) ‘The archaeology of seiðr: circumpolar traditions in Viking pre-Christian religion’,
in S. Lewis-Simpson (ed.) Vínland Revisited. The Norse World at the Turn of the First Millennium,
St John’s: Historic Sites Association of Newfoundland & Labrador.
Raudvere, C. ( 2001 ) ‘Trolldómr in early medieval Scandinavia’, in B. Ankarloo and S. Clark (eds)
Witchcraft and Magic in Europe. The Middle Ages, Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania
Press.
——( 2003 ) Kunskap och insikt i norrön tradition. Mytologi, ritualer och trolldomsanklagelser (Vägar
till Midgård 3 ), Lund: Nordic Academic Press.
Solli, B. ( 2002 ) Seid. Myter, sjamanisme og kjønn i vikingenes tid, Oslo: Pax.
Strömbäck, D. ( 2000 ) Sejd och andra studier i nordisk själsuppfattning, 2 nd edn, Uppsala: Kungl.
Gustav Adolfs Akademien.
–– Neil Price––