Onsåker, Sweden 65
Onsala, Halland, Sweden 65
Onsild, Jutland, Denmark 65
Onsike, Sweden 65
Onsøy, Østfold, Norway 65
Øpir, rune carver 287
Oppland, Norway 32
oral law 25
oral memory 316
oral poetry 292 – 3 , 295 , 300 , 308
oral society 25 , 231 , 621
oral tradition 11 , 24 , 213 , 293 , 296 – 7 , 299 – 300 ,
304 – 6 , 308 – 9 , 315 , 321 , 563 , 568 , 616 , 649
ørar 29
Ørbæk, Denmark 164
Öresund 148
origin myth 12 – 13 , 18
Orihuela, Spain 466
Orkesta, Uppland, Sweden 59
Ormesby, Yorkshire, England 392
Orkney 188 , 279 , 296 , 312 , 370 , 386 , 396 – 8 ,
411 – 12 , 415 – 16 , 418 , 420 – 2 , 563 – 4 , 599 , 623 ,
625 , 627 , 649
Orkneyinga saga 411 – 12 , 422
Örlygsstaðir 42 , 44
Ormes Head, Wales 404
ormr 404
Ormr Jónsson 43
Orø gold cross, Isefjord, Sjælland, Denmark 335
Örvar-Odds saga, see O ̨rvar-Odds saga
O ̨rvar-Odds saga 320
Oseberg, Norway 112 , 171 – 4 , 181 – 2 , 188 , 253 ,
255 – 6 , 262 , 264 – 9 , 302 , 324 , 326 , 328 , 330
Oseberg ship burial 171 – 4 , 182 , 188 , 253 , 255 – 6 ,
262 , 264 – 9 , 324 , 330
Osgathorpe, Leicestershire, England 392
Oslo, Norway 6 , 85 , 331 , 601 , 649
Osmund, bishop 143 , 623
Ossory, kingdom, Ireland 436
Østfold, Norway 64 – 5 , 291
Östergötland, Sweden 28 , 58 , 65 , 73 , 217 , 250 ,
276 , 285 , 294 , 328 , 546 , 631 , 640 – 1 , 671 – 2
Östgöta Law 53
Ostrobothnia, province, Finland 471 – 2 , 481
ostrogothae 23
Ostrogoths 294
Oþenshargh, Sweden 65
Othere/Ohthere (ON Óttarr) 34 , 61 , 112 – 13 , 118 ,
472 , 590 , 645 , 653
Óttarr, jarl 404
Ottar the Black, skald 648
Otto i, emperor 657
Otto ii, emperor 657
Otto iii, king 208
Otto of Saxony 502
Otto-Adelaide pennies 165
Ottonian art 330
Ottonian empire 162 , 333
Oulvorsi, one of the Dnieper rapids 500
Ouse, river, Yorkshire, England 379 – 81
oval brooches 132 , 145 – 6 , 181 – 2 , 324 , 370 , 445 ,
475 , 490 , 492 , 520 , 521 – 2 , 525 , 529 , 533 , 535
ovens 109 , 188 , 191 , 450
Överhogdal, Härjedalen, Sweden 182 , 255 , 326 ,
643
Övra Wannborga, Öland, Sweden 70
owl(s) 265
oxen 29 , 480
Oxensetter, Shetland 397
Oxford, England 372
Oykell, river, Scotland 296paddles 171
pagan cult site 16 , 61 – 3 , 624 , 662
pagan gods and goddesses 2 , 209 , 309 , 625
pagan grave(s) 325 , 387 , 406 , 416 – 18 , 420 – 1 ,
441 , 593 , 635 , 639 – 40
pagan religion 12 , 63 , 123 , 219 , 309 , 315
pagani 5 , 355 , 401
paganism 213 , 233 , 327 , 527 , 624 , 670
Paganiaid 401
Palanga, Lithuania 489
palisade 94 , 123 , 382 , 434 , 436
Páll Jónsson, bishop in Skálholt 576
Pálna-Tóki 401
palynological evidence 388 , 420 , 428 , 598
Pamplona, kingdom, Spain 462 , 466
papar 563 – 4 , 624
Paris 155 , 197
parish(es) 58 , 62 , 112 – 3 , 132 , 134 , 139 , 143 , 331 ,
370 , 382 , 470 , 565 , 575 , 626 – 7 , 640
Pärnu, river, Estonia 485
patron–client relation 44 , 54
patronage 35 , 155 , 320 , 345 , 505 , 508–– Index––