Notes to Pages 41–46 • 311Finlay,The Making of the Metropolis, 208. On Restoration taxes, see C. D. Chandaman,
The English Public Revenue, 1660 – 1688 (Oxford, 1975 ).
3. Roger Finlay,Population and Metropolis: The Demography of London, 1580 – 1650
(Cambridge, 1981 ), 76.
4. The classic study on the evolution of relief in medieval and early modern England
is still useful, although its categories of help are weighted against religious motives and
the financial figures ignore inflation. W. D. Jordan,Philanthropy in England, 1480 – 1660
(London, 1959 ), esp. tables 1 and 2 , 368 – 69.
5. On the Poor Law, including the Amendment Act of 1662 , see the classic account
by Sidney and Beatrice Webb,English Local Government: English Poor Law History. Part
1 : The Old Poor Law(London, 1927 ); for the application of the Poor Law in the coun-
tryside, see F. G. Emmison, ed., “Introduction: The Overseers of the Poor,” in Catalogue
of Essex Parish Records, 1260 – 1894 (Chelmsford, Essex, 1966 ), which was brought to our
attention by Jane Bedford. A useful summary on poverty is Liza Picard,Restoration
London(New York, 1997 ), 250 – 57.
6. For excellent studies of poor relief in London parishes, see Andrew Wear, “Caring
for the Sick Poor in St. Bartholomew’s Exchange: 1580 – 1676 ,” in W. F. Bynum and Roy
Porter, eds.,Living and Dying in London(Medical History,suppl. 11 ) (London, 1991 ),
41 – 60 , and two articles by Ronald W. Herlan: “Poor Relief in the London Parish of
Antholin’s Bridge Row, 1638 – 1664 ,”Guildhall Studies in London History 2 ( 1997 ): 179 – 99 ,
and “Aspects of Population History in the London Parish of St. Olave, Old Jewry,
1646 – 1667 ,”Guildhall Studies 4 ( 1980 ): 133 – 40.
7. The St. Paul Covent Garden Overseers of the Poor records are in Westminster
Record Office (WRO), H 446 ( 1664 – 66 ), H 448 ( 1666 – 67 ). The Harleian Society has
published the Registerin vol. 36 , ed. Rev. William H. Hunt (London, 1908 ).
8. St. Paul Covent Garden Churchwardens’ account, 1664 – 66 , in WRO MS H 446 ,
Overseers of the Poor, 1664 – 65.
9 .The Vestry of the United Parish of St. Margaret and St. John the Evangelist, Westmin-
ster(London, 1889 ), 90 – 91.
10. Rugge,Diurnal,fols. 136 , 138.
11. CLRO Common Council Journal (CC) 46 , fols. 25 – 26.
12. Ibid., fols. 26 , 59.
13. Ibid., fol. 25.
14. See Slack,The Impact of Plague, 154 – 57 ; Edwin Freshfield,Some Remarks Upon the
Book of Records of the Parish of St. Stephen, Coleman Street(Westminster, 1887 ), xxxiv.
15 .A good survey of public health in early modern England is in Slack,The Impact of
Plague, 44 – 47 , 199 – 226. For a new appraisal of the assumptions that hindered medical
shaping of public policy on health in England, see Andrew Wear,Knowledge and Prac-
tice in English Medicine(Cambridge, 2000 ), esp. 16 – 18 , 16 n. 20 , 314 – 20 , 314 n. 2. George
Rosen, “Mercantilism, Absolutism, and the Health of the People ( 1500 – 1750 ),” in A
History of Public Health(expanded ed., Baltimore, 1993 ), ch. 4 , while dated, provides a
broad European perspective on the subject.
16. On the St. Michels, see Pepys,Diary, 10 : 374 – 75.