326 • Notes to Pages 148–154- Whittet,Apothecaries in the Great Plague, 18 – 19.
- See Sir Edward Charles Dodds, “A Physician in the Plague Year: Thomas Whar-
ton (and Some of His Contemporaries)” ( 1965 ), RCP MS 3118 , 16 – 19 ; William Johnson,
Agurto-Mastix, or Some Brief Animadversions Upon Two Late Treatises(licensed, May 10 ,
1665 ), 12 , 129 – 33. - Nathaniel Hodges,Vindiciae Medicinae et Medicorum: Or an Apology for the Profes-
sion and Professors of Physick(London, 1666 ), 54 – 55. - RCP MS 2073 , 11 ; Whittet,Apothecaries in the Great Plague, 6 , 11.
- Hodges,Vindiciae Medicinae, 4 – 6 , 47 ; Cook,Decline of the Old Medical Regime, 152.
- George Thomson,Galeno-pale: or a Chymical Trial of the Galenists, that their Dross
in Physick may be discovered,printed by R. Wood for Edward Thomas, at the Adam and
Eve in Little Brittain (London, 1665 ), 3 – 8 , 99 – 101 , 103 ; Thomson, “Apology against the
Calumnies of the Galenists” and “A work to Mr. Nath Hodges, concerning his late Vin-
diciae Medicinae,” in Loimotomia, 172 – 89. Cf. Cook,Decline of the Old Medical Regime,
159 – 60. - Johannes Nohl,The Black Death: A Chronicle of the Plague(New York, 1924 ), 75.
31 .Thomson’s language on the archeus is striking to us moderns. “The Archeus
which is an instrument of sanity is likewise the Author of Maladies,” he wrote. When it
recognized a poisonous seed and let it pass, the battle within the body began. “The vi-
tal spirit... cowardly running from the poison [betrays] that trust that was reposed in
it... The archeus becomes a vassal to perpetuate those things that tend to Ruin and
Destruction.” Thomson,Loimotomia, 33 – 35 , 40 – 41. - On Helmontian medicine, see Wear,Knowledge and Practice,chs. 8 and 9. For the
Paracelsian-Helmontian idea of the archeus, see also Walter Pagel, “From Paracelsus to
van Helmont,” in Studies in Renaissance Medicine and Science(London, 1986 ), 421 , 429 ,
453 – 54. - Thomson,Loimotomia, 83 – 84 , 100 – 104.
- John Tillison to William Sancroft, Sept. 14 , 1665 , BL, Harleian MS 3785 , fol. 36.
- Allin to Fryth in Rye, Sussex, Sept. 14 , 1665 , ESRO FRE 5466.
- Thomson, “An Historical Account of the Dissection of a Pestilential Body,” in
Loimotomia,pt. 5 , 113 – 14. - Thomson saw his dissection as the climax of a twenty-year quest to understand
“malignant” diseases, “giving medicines of my own preparation and observing from one
[patient] what might be useful to another,” yet being restless in the search for “thera-
peutic truth... until I had the full view of the inward parts of a pestilential body. This
[conformed to] some of my judgment.” Thomson, preface to Loimotomia. - Francis Bacon,The Advancement of Learning( 1605 ).
- A good introduction to the broader intellectual-scientific currents is Charles
Webster,The Great Instauration: Science, Medicine, and Reform, 1626 – 1660 (New York,
1975 ). Wear superbly places these currents in their medical context. See “Conflict and
Revolution in Medicine—the Helmontians,” in Knowledge and Practice,ch. 8 , 353 – 98.
40 .Wear,Knowledge and Practice, 325 n. 35.