340 • Notes to Pages 271–278- See John T. Alexander,Bubonic Plague in Early Modern Russia: Public Health and
Urban Disaster(Baltimore, 1980 ).
17 .House of Commons Report from the Select Committee appointed to consider the validity
of the doctrine of contagion in the Plague(London, 1819 ); G. Milroy,Quarantine and Plague;
being a summary of the report on these subjects recently addressed to the Royal Academy of
Medicine of France(London, 1846 ). Cf. Hirst,The Conquest of Plague, 63 – 64 , 72. - See Norman Howard-Jones,The Scientific Background of the International Sanitary
Conferences, 1851 – 1938 (Geneva, 1975 ), introduction, 9 – 11. The summaries of the early
conferences in 1851 , 1859 , 1866 , and 1874 make fascinating reading. - Charles E. Rosenberg,Explaining Epidemics and Other Studies in Medicine(Cam-
bridge, 1992 ), 112. - The U.S. National Library of Medicine has a fascinating list of British and
American publications:Index Catalogue of the Library of the Surgeon General’s Office. - See George Rosen,A History of Public Health,expanded edition with an introduc-
tion by Elizabeth Fee and a bibliographical essay by Edward T. Morman (Baltimore,
1993 ), 290. - The foremost authority on Yersin remains Henri Mollaret. See Henri Mollaret
and Jacqueline Brossolet,Alexandre Yersin, le vainqueur de la peste(Paris, 1985 ). For doc-
umentation of this phase of Yersin’s life, see Jack Moseley, “Travels of Alexandre Yersin:
Letters of a Pastorian in Indochina, 1890 – 1894 ,”Perspectives in Biology and Medicine 24
( 1981 ): 607 – 18. - E. Lagrange, “Concerning the Discovery of the Plague Bacillus,”Journal of Trop-
ical Medicine and Hygiene 29 ( 1926 ): 299.
24 .Shibasaburo Kitasato, “The Bacillus of Bubonic Plague,”Lancet,July–December
1894 , 2 : 428 .Cf.The Collected Papers of Shibasaburo Kitasato(Tokyo, 1977 ). - Andrew Cunningham, “Transforming Plague,” in The Laboratory Revolution in
Medicine,ed. Andrew Cunningham and Perry Williams (Cambridge, 1992 ), 233 , 235 ;
Tom Solomon, “Alexandre Yersin and the Plague Bacillus,”Journal of Tropical Medicine
and Hygiene 98 ( 1995 ): 210 ; Thomas Butler,Plague and Other Yersinia Infections(New
Yo r k , 1983 ), 23. - Solomon, “Yersin and the Plague Bacillus,” 210 – 11.
- For a lay formulation, see Emmanuel Le Roy Ladurie, “A Concept: The Unifica-
tion of the Globe by Disease (Fourteenth to Seventeenth Centuries),” reprinted in his
The Mind and Method of the Historian,trans. S. and B. Reynolds (Chicago, 1981 ), 31. - Cunningham, “Transforming Plague,” 234.
- Rosen,A History of Public Health, 306.
- Solomon, “Yersin and the Plague Bacillus,” 211 ; Pasteur Institute Annales,vol. 8.
- It is a daunting undertaking to summarize current findings in the fast-moving
fields of epidemiology and micro- and molecular biology. We thank Elisabeth Carniel
and Henri Mollaret, of the Institut Pasteur in Paris, and Elizabeth Fee, at the National
Library of Medicine in Bethesda, Maryland, for their generous assistance. Martin
Nowak and his guest lecturers in the Program of Theoretical Biology at the Institute for
Advanced Study have kept us current with an exciting, fast-moving area of research.