The Age of the Democratic Revolution. A Political History of Europe and America, 1760-1800

MAPS

• The Social Contract,


• The Genevese Revolution of


• VI. The British Parliament between King and People
  
  
  • The British Constitution
  
  
  • The First American Crisis: The Stamp Act
  
  
  • Tribulations of Parliament, 1766–
    
    
    • the Continental Congress The Second American Crisis: The Coercive Acts and
    
    
    
    
  
  
  
  


• VII. The American Revolution: The Forces in Conflict
  
  
  • The Revolution: Was There Any?
  
  
  • Anglo- America before the Revolution
  
  
  • The Revolution: Democracy and Aristocracy
  
  
  • The Revolution: Britain and Europe
  
  
  
  


• VIII. The American Revolution: The People as Constituent Power
  
  
  • The Distinctiveness of American Political Ideas
    
    
    • and Massachusetts Constitution- Making in North Carolina, Pennsylvania,
    
    
    
    
  
  
  • A Word on the Constitution of the United States
  
  
  • Ambivalence of the American Revolution
  
  
  
  


• IX. Europe and the American Revolution
  
  
  • The Sense of a New Era
  
  
  • Channels of Communication
  
  
  • The Depths of Feeling
  
  
  • The American Constitutions: An International Argument
  
  
  
  


• X. Two Parliaments Escape Reform
  
  
  • The Arming of Ireland: “Grattan’s Parliament”
  
  
  • The “Association” Movement in England
  
  
  • The Reform Bills and Their Failure
  
  
  • The Conservatism of Edmund Burke
  
  
  • The “Appellation of Citizen” vs. the Test Act
  
  
  
  


• XI. Democrats and Aristocrats—Dutch, Belgian, and Swiss
  
  
  • The Dutch Patriot Movement
  
  
  • The Belgian Revolution
  
  
  • A View of Switzerland
  
  
  • Reflections on the Foregoing
  
  
  
  


• XII. The Limitations of Enlightened Despotism
  
  
  • Joseph II: The Attempted Revolution from Above
  
  
  • Leopold II: The Aristocratic Counterattack
  
  
  • Three Charters of the North
  
  
  • XIII. The Lessons of Poland Contents ix
    
    
    • The Gentry Republic
    
    
    • The Polish Revolution: The Constitution of
    
    
    • A Game of Ideological Football
    
    
    
    
  
  
  • XIV. The French Revolution: The Aristocratic Resurgence
    
    
    • The Problem of the French Revolution
    
    
    • Ministers and Parlements, 1774–
    
    
    • The Aristocratic Revolt
    
    
    
    
  
  
  • XV. The French Revolution: The Explosion of
    
    
    • The Formation of a Revolutionary Psychology
    
    
    • The Overturn: May to August
    
    
    • The Constitution: Mounier and Sieyès
    
    
    
    
  
  
  
  


• Preface to Part Part 2: The Struggle
  
  
  • XVI. The Issues and the Adversaries
    
    
    • Bastille Day,
    
    
    • Ideological War
    
    
    • The Adversaries
    
    
    • Shades of Doctrine
    
    
    
    
  
  
  • XVII. The Revolutionizing of the Revolution
    
    
    • The “Second” French Revolution
    
    
    • Popular Revolutionism
    
    
    • International Revolutionism
    
    
    
    
  
  
  • XVIII. Liberation and Annexation: 1792–
    
    
    • The Storm in the Low Countries
    
    
    • The Submersion of Poland
    
    
    
    
  
  
  • XIX. The Survival of the Revolution in France
    
    
    • Gouvernement Révolutionnaire
    
    
    • Reaction against Popular and International Revolutionism
    
    
    • The Moral Republic
    
    
    • The Meaning of Thermidor
    
    
    
    
  
  
  • XX. Victories of the Counter- Revolution in Eastern Europe
    
    
    • The Problem of Eastern Europe
    
    
    • The Impact of the Western Revolution in Russia
    
    
    • The Abortive Polish Revolution of
    
    
    • Agitations in the Hapsburg Empire
    
    
    • The Jacobin Conspiracies at Vienna and in Hungary,
    
    
    • An Addendum on Southeast Europe
    
    
    
    
  
  
  
  


• XXI. The Batavian Republic x Contents
  
  
  • The Dutch Revolution of 1794–
  
  
  • The Frustration of the Conciliators
  
  
  • Federalists and Democrats
    
    
    • at Its Height The Coup d’Etat of January 22, 1798: Dutch Democracy
    
    
    
    
  
  
  • A Word on the Dutch of South Africa
  
  
  
  


• XXII. The French Directory: Mirage of the Moderates
  
  
  • After Thermidor
  
  
  • The Directory
  
  
  • The Sources of Moderate Strength
  
  
  
  


• XXIII. The French Directory between Extremes
  
  
  • Democracy and Communism
  
  
  • The Throne and the Altar
  
  
  • Fructidor and Floréal
  
  
  
  


• XXIV. The Revolution Comes to Italy
  
  
  • “World Revolution” as Seen from Paris,
  
  
  • The Beginning of French Action in Italy
  
  
  • Italy before
  
  
  • The Kingdom of Corsica
  
  
  
  


• XXV. The Cisalpine Republic
  
  
  • The Val Padana and the Bridge at Lodi
  
  
  • The Cispadane Republic
  
  
  • The Venetian Revolution and the Treaty of Campo Formio
  
  
  • The Cisalpine Republic: Sketch of a Modern State
  
  
  • Politics and Vicissitudes of the Cisalpine
  
  
  
  


• XXVI. 1798: The High Tide of Revolutionary Democracy
  
  
  • the Wave of Cisalpinization The Great Nation, the Sister- Republics, and
  
  
  • A Comparative View of the New Republican Order
  
  
  • The Republican Constitutions
    
    
    • and Democracy Religion and Revolution: Christianity
    
    
    
    
  
  
  
  


• XXVII. The Republics at Rome and Naples
  
  
  • The Politics of the Semi- Peace
  
  
  • The Roman Republic
  
  
  • The Neapolitan Republic
  
  
  
  


• XXVIII. The Helvetic Republic Contents xi
  
  
  • Switzerland before
  
  
  • Geneva: Revolution and Annexation
  
  
  • The Swiss Revolutionaries
  
  
  • Swiss Unity vs. External Pressures
  
  
  • Internal Stresses in the Helvetic Republic
  
  
  
  


• XXIX. Germany: The Revolution of the Mind
  
  
  • The Ambiguous Revolution
  
  
  • Mainz Jacobins and Cisrhenane Republicans
  
  
  • The Colossi of the Goethezeit
  
  
  • Counter- Revolutionary Cross Currents
  
  
  
  


• XXX. Britain: Republicanism and the Establishment
  
  
  • British Radicalism and Continental Revolution
  
  
  • Clubs and Conventions
  
  
  • The “Lévee en Masse” of the People of Quality
  
  
  • The Abortive Irish Revolution of
  
  
  
  


• XXXI. America: Democracy Native and Imported
  
  
  • The “Other” Americas, Latin and British
  
  
  • Which Way the New Republic?
  
  
  • The Impact of the Outside World
  
  
  • The “Corruption of Poland”
  
  
  • Democracy in America
  
  
  
  


• XXXII. Climax and Dénouement
  
  
  • The Still Receding Mirage of the Moderates
  
  
  • The Conservative Counter- Offensive of
  
  
  • The Revolutionary Re- Arousal and Victory
  
  
  • Two Men on Horseback
  
  
  
  


• I. References for the Quotations at Heads of Chapters Appendixes


• II. Translations of Metrical Passages


• III. Excerpts from Certain Basic Legal Documents
  
  
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    1. The Russian Charter of Nobility,
    
    
    
    
  
  
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    2. The Prussian General Code,
    
    
    
    
  
  
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    3. The Swedish Act of Union and Security,
    
    
    
    
  
  
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    4. The Polish Constitution of
    
    
    
    
  
  
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    5. The Hungarian Coronation Oath of
    
    
    
    
  
  
  
  


• Revolutionary Zone, Early


• Revolutionary Zone, March


• Eastern Europe in


• Po Valley, Early


• Cisalpine Republic, December