814 Appendix IV
Virginia, 1776 France, 1789- That the freedom of the press is one of
the great bulwarks of liberty....
11. Free communication of thought and
opinion is one of the most precious of the
rights of man. Every citizen may therefore
speak, write and print freely, on his own
responsibility for abuse of this liberty in
cases determined by law. - That a well- regulated militia, composed
of the body of the people, trained to arms, is
the proper, natural and safe defense of a free
State; that standing armies in time of peace
should be avoided as dangerous to liberty;
and that in all cases the militia should be
under strict subordination to, and governed
by, the civil power.
12. Preservation of the rights of man and
the citizen requires the existence of public
forces. These forces are therefore instituted
for the advantage of all, not for the private
benefit of those to whom they are
entrusted. - That no free government... can be
preserved... but by a firm adherence to
justice, moderation, temperance, frugality
and virtue, and by a frequent recurrence to
fundamental principles.
PREAMBLE.... that this declaration, by
being constantly present to all members of
the social body, may keep them at all times
aware of their rights and duties; that the
acts of both the legislative and executive
powers [may be] liable at every moment to
comparison with the aim of all political
institutions....- That religion, or the duty which we owe
to our Creator, and the manner of
discharging it, can be directed only by
reason and conviction, not by force or
violence; and therefore all men are equally
entitled to the free exercise of religion....
10. No one may be disturbed for his
opinions, even in religion, provided that
their manifestation does not trouble public
order as established by law.
... it is the duty of all to practice Christian
forbearance, love and charity towards each
other.
PREAMBLE.... in the presence and
under the auspices of the Supreme Being.