Invitation to Psychology

ChaPteR 8 Memory 303

memory 269
reconstructive
memory 271
source misattribution 271
flashbulb memories 271
confabulation 271
imagination inflation 271
leading questions 273
explicit memory 276
recall 276
recognition 276

implicit memory 277
priming 277
relearning method 277
information-processing
models 277

encoding, storage, and

retrieval 278

cognitive schemas 278

three-box model 278

parallel distributed processing

(PDP) model 279

sensory register 279

short-term memory

(STM) 280

chunks 280

working memory 281

long-term memory (LTM) 281

semantic categories 281

tip-of-the-tongue (TOT)

state 282

procedural memories 283

declarative memories 283

semantic memories 283

episodic memories 283

serial-position effect 284

primacy and recency

effects 284

long-term potentiation 285

consolidation 285

mnemonics 288

effortful versus automatic

encoding 288

maintenance rehearsal 289

elaborative rehearsal 289

deep processing 290

shallow processing 290

retrieval practice 290

read-recite-review strategy 290

decay theory 292

retroactive interference 293

proactive interference 294

retrieval cues 294

cue-dependent forgetting 294

déjà vu 294

state-dependent memory 294

mood-congruent memory 294

amnesia 295

psychogenic amnesia 295

traumatic amnesia 295

repression 295

childhood (infantile)

amnesia 297

narratives 298

Key Terms

Answers to the Get Involved exercises on pages 277 and 278: Rudolph’s eight friends were Dasher,
Dancer, Prancer, Vixen, Comet, Cupid, Donner (“Donder” in some versions), and Blitzen.

Answer to the Get Involved exercise on page 289: The real penny is the left one in the bottom row.