The Ten Lost Tribes. A World History - Zvi Ben-Dor Benite

93. For a succinct analysis and description of the significance of the Canaries in
    the global context, see Ferna ́ndez-Armesto,Pathfinders, 126 , 128 – 129 , 164 – 168.


94. Abreu de Galindo,Historia de la Conquista, 24 – 25.


95. Ibid., 26.


96. Viera y Clavijo,Noticias de la historia, 120 – 121.


97. Abreu de Galindo,Historia de la Conquista, 26 – 27.


98. Ibid., 27 – 29.


99. On Christians, conversos, and Jews in the fifteenth century, see Nirenberg,
    “Enmity and Assimilation.”


100. Gitlitz, “Hybrid Conversos,” 1 – 2.


101. Silverblatt,Modern Inquisitions, 151.


102. Richard Popkin comments that the “rise and fall of the Jewish Indian theory
     is a measure of the changing roles of religion and science in accounting for the world,”
     implying that the Jewish Indian theory was deserted as science produced more con-
     vincing evidence concerning the origins of the Indians and as scripture’s binding power
     weakened (Popkin, “Rise and Fall,” 81 – 82 ). Perhaps, rather, what we see is how science
     came to serve scripture in discussions about the ten tribes. “Scientific” argumentation
     became increasingly important when it came to proving or disproving certain
     theories about the ten tribes.


103. See, in this context, Pagden,Fall of Natural Man, 1 – 56.


104. Hamilton,Apocryphal Apocalypse, 209 – 211.


105. Dura ́n,Historia de las Indias.
     106 .For details of Dura ́n’s life, see the introduction toHistoria de las Indiasby
     Ramı ́rez, iii–xvi. See also Kadir,Columbus, 180.


106. Dura ́n,Historia de las Indias, 3.


107. Ibid., 1 – 6.


108. Kadir,Columbus, 180 – 181.


109. On Montesinos and las Casas, see Vickery,Bartolome ́de Las Casas, 44 – 49.
     A different approach to las Casas is Castro,Another Face of Empire, 54 – 62.


110. Ben-Israel,Orı ́gen de los Americanos, 15 – 16.


111. Plato,Timaeus, 75.


112. Cook, “Ancient Wisdom.”


113. For a summary of the Atlantic theory, see Wauchope,Lost Tribes, 28 – 49.


114. Acosta,Historia Natural y Moral, 70. I am consulting here the translation by
     Mangan et al. although I have made some major emendments. Acosta,Natural and
     Moral History, 69.


115. Brading,First America, 185.


116. Acosta,Natural and Moral History, 33 – 38.
     118 .Acosta,Historia Natural y Moral, 68 – 69 ; Acosta,Natural and Moral History,
     67 – 68.


117. The original runs as follows: “Y cierto... que no ai Lengua en todas las
     Naciones de Asia, Africa, y Europa, y aun en el Mundo Nuevo... que tanto use de estas
     dos letras T.L. como la Mexicana.” Garcı ́a,Origen de los Indios, 144.


118. Humboldt,Personal Narrative of Travels, 325.

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