Index|363Massawa, 227. See also Eritrea
Mavroyeni, Alexandros, 14, 284–295
Mecca, 86, 97, 132–133, 135, 228, 235, 261
Medina, 84, 97, 130, 132–133, 135, 235
Mediterranean: Corfu in, 11; corsair activities in,
204; European Crusades in, 137; as frontier,
111; Greek and Latin, 186; and Jerusalem, 125;
Karamanid emirate in, 67; liquid boundaries
of, 190; Ottoman identity in, 12, 205; Ottoman
rule of, 91, 147, 203; rise in prosperity of, 112,
116; trade and alliance in, 167; Turkish-Haps-
burg conflict in, 5–6; Venice’s ships in, 182
Mehmed I, 18, 45, 68, 172
Mehmed II: capture of Constantinople under,
18, 38, 42–43, 56, 69, 81; death of, 8, 18, 67,
70, 71, 88; education system under, 99; and
Francesco Draperio, 46–47, 52; Kritovoulos
on, 307; and Mahmud Pasha Angelović, 8,
19, 57, 59; Neşri on, 70–72, 74–77; nickname
of, 18, 56, 81, 91, 96; Ottoman identity under,
69; practice of executing brothers under, 155;
regional conflict under, 69–70, 84; and Rum
Mehmed Pasha, 62; sons of, 8, 18–19, 83, 85–
88; and treaties with Genoese of Pera, 47–50
Mehmed III, 176
Mehmed IV, 195, 198–203, 229, 233
Mehmed Agha, Habeshi, 230–231
Mehmed Ali Pasha, 226, 255
Melek Ahmed Pasha, 199, 202
Melik Danişmend, 31–32, 34–35, 37–38
Mélikoff, Irène, 35
Melik Salih Ahmed, 113
Memleket-i Rum, 29
merchants: as agents for al-Qaramani, 142; in
Aintab, 111; Aleppan, 140, 141, 147; al-Qara-
mani as, 140–147; in Anatolia, 286; Bogigian’s
connections with, 291; British, 196; Drape-
rios as, 43, 45, 46; European, 92; Florentine,
46; Genoese, 46–48; Ibn al-Hanbali on, 139;
Jewish, 196; Karimi, 139, 140; khawāja, 145;
Maltese, 244; manuals of, 227; in Milos, 184;
Muslim, 132; Ottoman, 45, 47, 138, 142, 228;
and salam contracts, 144; self-conception and
outlook of, 147; Spinolas as, 46, 47; ɇUlabis as,
141; wealthy, 139, 141, 228, 235; Western Euro-
pean, 174. See also trade
Mesih Pasha, 56
Mevlana Ibn Ala, 31
Mevlānā Rumi, 104
Mevlevi Sufis, 99, 194–195
mezraas, 116–117
Mihailos, 57
Mihrimah Sultan, 10, 93, 150–159, 162–164
millets, 266–267, 270, 299, 305–306
Milos, 11, 182–184, 186–189, 191–192
Mizrahim, 3
Mocenigo, Pietro, 182
Mocenigo, Zuane, 188–189
modernity, 13, 255, 257, 259, 263, 266
moneylending and credit, 143–144, 145, 242–243,
248, 250
Mongols, 17, 95, 138, 278
Moors, 275
Morea, 57–58, 63
Morocco, 1, 22
mosques: al-Aqsa, 126, 132; built by al-Qara-
mani, 140–141, 146–147; built by Mahmud
Pasha, 55; built by merchants, 139; ceramic
style in, 132, 159–161; closing of, after Kösem
Valide’s death, 202; fountains near, 130; Ha-
gia Sophia, 125, 195; of Hayreddin Pasha, 5–6;
Karamani’s funding of, 85; Mihrimah’s fund-
ing of, 150, 157–163; in Süleymaniye complex,
132, 133, 155; Sultan Ahmet Friday, 202–203,
205; ɇUmari, 134; Valide Turhan Sultan, 195;
Yavuz Selim’s funding of, 104
motherland, Bulgaria as, 270
mudāraba, 145
Muhammad, Prophet. See Prophet Muhammad
Mühiddin Bey, 297
Murad I, 17, 45, 172
Murad II, 18, 22, 45–46, 57–58, 68–69, 76, 87, 172
Murad III, 92, 228, 230–231, 236
Murad IV, 179–180, 187, 198
Murad Pasha, Hass, 56
Mustafa Ali, 11, 169, 174–176, 178–179, 228
Mustafa Efendi, 183, 186–189
Mustafa Naima, 177, 195
Mustafa Sabri, 281
Mustafa Sami, 274
mysticism, 25, 80, 196, 219Namık Kemal, 275
Napoleon, 245, 255
nationalism, 13–15, 255, 257, 267, 279, 281, 284,
294, 311, 330–332
Necipoğlu, Gülru, 132
Negroponte, 57, 63
Neşri, Mevlânâ Mehmed, 57, 66–77
New York Times, 285, 293
Nicosia, 240
Niksar (Harsanosiyye), 34–35, 302