Index|365Russo-Ottoman War, 168, 269
Rüstem Pasha, 151, 154–156, 158, 164; mosque of,
158–159, 160–161, 163
Sabah, Haciye, 119–121
Sabbatai Zevi, 12, 194–196, 202, 205–206
sabils, 130–131
Safavids, 18, 70, 96, 101, 112–113, 125, 127, 132, 153
Safiye Sultan, 236
Sahara, 226–227, 235
Salah al-Din, 126
salam, 143–144
Saliha, 155
Salonica, 196, 300
Saltukname (EbuɆl-Hayr-i Rumi), 7, 30–32, 34–
39, 40n22, 41n37
Sam, 114–115
Şam (Sy ria), 34
sancakbey, 57, 133, 155
Saracens, 212
Sarı Saltuk, 32, 35–38
science: contributions to, 13–14, 273–282; Euro-
centric history of, 13–14, 274–277, 279, 281;
ideology of, 273, 276, 281
Second Constitutional Era, 14, 256–257, 298–300
Selçukname (Yazıcıoğlu), 68
Selim I: conquests of, 9, 91, 93, 108, 114–115, 119,
120, 150; daughters of, 154; and Hayreddin, 6;
military recruitment by, 173; rise to power of,
18, 96–97
Selim II, 92, 159, 164
Selim III, 255, 260
Seljuks, 17, 29, 31, 36–37, 68, 70–71, 73, 83, 278–
279
semāɇ, 104–105
Semiz Ali Pasha, 159
Şemseddin Sami, 277–278
Serbia, 3, 57–61, 63, 69, 255
servants, 12, 55, 153, 191–192, 237, 279
sexuality, 2–3, 12, 168, 197
şeyhülislam, 100, 104–105, 203
Şeyhülislam Kara Çelebizade, 199
Şeyhülislam Minkarizade Yahya Efendi, 196
Seyyid Battal, 31, 32, 34, 36, 38
Seyyid Yahya-i Şirvani, 80–81
sharia, 71, 97, 102–103, 189, 195, 202–203, 205
shaykhs: Ahmad al-Dajjani, 134; Akşemseddin,
82; İskilibi, 82, 85–86, 88–89; Karamani, 8,
79–80, 82, 85–87; Muhammad Khâdim, 24;
of Sam, 114–115; Seyyid Yahya, 81; Zeyniye, 83
Shiɇi people, 9, 18, 91–93, 95–99, 102, 119, 127
Signoria of Venice, 187–188
Silahdar, 203
silk, 46–47, 111, 143–144
silk road, 144
Sinan, Mimar, 10, 92, 150, 157–158, 162
Sinan Pasha (admiral), 155–156, 157, 158; mosque
of, 158–159
Sinan Pasha (religious scholar), 100
Sinop, 35
sipahis, 5, 56, 133, 172–180
Sister Macaria, 185. See also Gozzadini, Maria
Sivas, 29, 34–35
Siyavuş Pasha, 202
slaves: African, 12; caravan of, 226–227; in
court, 12, 215; and curse of Ham, 230; elite,
154, 236; Ethiopian, 226–228; female, 92, 153,
156, 200–201; in imperial harem, 197; labor of,
144; manumission of, 50; Meleki Hatun, 202;
in military, 55–56, 172, 215, 236; mistreatment
of, 140–142, 147; from peasant families, 64; as
property, 48, 55, 138, 140, 143, 172, 235; of sul-
tans, 55–56, 154, 215; and timars, 176
Smederevo, 59–60
Smyrna, 297–298, 300–304, 306–307
social class, 2, 7, 21–24, 43, 55, 139, 176–178, 197,
284, 300, 306, 311
social identity, 3, 21–22, 24, 25–27
social mobility, 240
Sofu Mehmed Pasha, 199
Sokollu Mehmed Pasha, 151
solidarity, 24, 236, 269
Somalia, 235
Spain, 5, 214, 244, 249, 275
Span, Alessio, 63
Sphrantzes, George, 58
spices, 46, 143
Spinola, Luciano, 52
Spinola, Tommaso, 46, 47, 50, 52
Spinola family, 43–44, 46–47, 52–53
Suakin, 227, 235. See also Sudan
Sudan, 226–227, 235–236
Sufis: Ahmad al-Dajjani, 134; Bonneval and, 219;
brotherhoods, 24, 79; convents of, 127, 135;
Halveti, 96, 99, 194, 195; Ibn ɇArabī, 103–104,
106; Kadizadeli opposition to, 194–195, 202,
206; Karamani, 79–84, 87–89; Mevlevi, 99,
194, 195; neo-Sufist movements, 168; and Ot-
toman identity, 7–8, 19, 24–25, 79–80, 82, 84,
87–89, 99, 105–106, 175; rituals of, 104–105,
195; Rumi, 26; Safavids, 95–96; Sünbül Sinan
Efendi, 104–105; as Sunnis, 99, 106