Science - 31 January 2020

SCIENCE sciencemag.org 31 JANUARY 2020 • VOL 367 ISSUE 6477 501

CREDITS: (GRAPHIC) A. CUADRA/

SCIENCE

; (DATA) EUROPE’S LOST FRONTIERS PROJECT/EUROPEAN RESEARCH COUNCIL; (PHOTOS, LEFT TO RIGHT) NATIONAL MUSEUM OF ANTIQUITIES (ROM) LEIDEN (1); MANON BRUININGA

UNITED

KINGDOM

IRELAND

FRANCE

GERMANY

DENMARK

NORWAY SWEDEN

North Sea

North Atlantic

Ocean

English Channel

Liverpool

Manchester

Birmingham

Edinburgh

Newcastle

Glasgow

Shetland

islands

Orkney

islands

Hebrides

islands

Belfast

Dublin

Cork

London

Oslo

Paris

Dogger

Bank

German

Bight

Jutland

Bank

Viking

Bank

Skage

rrak

Brussels

Hamburg

Dortmund

Essen

Amsterdam

1 0,

Coastlines (years

before present)

9000

8000

7000

0

0 200

Km

BELGIUM

Lines based

on current

research

and data

Extrapolation

based on

bathymetry

Original

locations of

artifacts

2

1

5

4

3

No

rw

eg

ian

Tre

nc

h

NETHERLANDS

Approximate extent of

ice during the last ice

age (70,000 to 20,

years before present)

4 Perforated antler ax,

9000 to 6000 B.C.E.

This shaft for an ax, crafted

by early European hunter-

gatherers, dates to the final

millennia before Doggerland

sank below the North Sea.

1 Large flint core ax,

9000 to 6000 B.C.E.

Found in a fisher’s net

in the 1980s, this ax

was shaped and used

by Mesolithic European

hunter-gatherers.

5 Neanderthal hand ax

Found in sediments dredged

off the Dutch coast south

of Rotterdam, this stone tool

may be 250,000 years old.

Part of a Neanderthal bone

was found nearby.

3 Neanderthal flake

with birch tar grip

About 50,000 years ago,

a Neanderthal used a

complex process to make

birch tar and affix it

to the point.

2 Barbed bone points,

9000 to 6000 B.C.E.

Found in sand and gravel

recovered from off the Dutch

coast, these points likely helped

humans bag fish and birds in

Doggerland’s rich wetlands.

A vanished landscape

Over the millennia, Doggerland has been an icy wasteland, verdant valleys and forests, and now the bottom of the cold North Sea. Various kinds of humans

have adapted to all these changes, with Homo antecessor, Neanderthals, and H. sapiens likely making use of the land’s bounty at different times.

SCIEN

CE

; (DA

TA) E

1 Large flint

900 0 t

3 N nde thal flak

Area in

detail

Published by AAAS