150 PART | IV ITS regulations, policies and standards
signal coordination system using GLIDE helps to ensure a smooth flow along
the corridors and hence reduces congestion, fuel consumption, and emissions.
Smart taxi booking system and public transport information sharing system
have increased the accessibility for commuters. In addition, the availability of
real-time traffic and travel-related information has enhanced motorists’ flexibil-
ity in route planning for a less congested, faster, and safer trip. The electronic
toll payment system is another smart technology, which has been successfully
implemented to facilitate the road pricing policy for managing congestion and
hence promoting sustainability.
A transport system consists of the means, equipment, and logistics required
for the carriage of passengers and goods, including transport networks and
infrastructures, nodes, and connections, modes of transport as well as policies
for their smooth operation. In addition, the purpose of the transportation system
is to coordinate the movement of persons, goods, and vehicles. On the other
hand, mobility as a term refers to the ability of people and goods to move easily,
quickly, and economically, where it is intended at a speed that reflects free flow
or comparatively high-quality conditions (Paris Declaration, 2015). In other
words, mobility expresses the ability to arrive at the destination in a time and
cost-efficient manner (Hollands, 2008). The definition of a sustainable transport
system differs from sustainable mobility in that one does not exclude the other,
in many ways overlapping or complementing each other (Bifulco et al., 2014).
Priority must be given to the individual parts of the transport system in order
to achieve sustainable mobility. The choice of the quality of transport systems
for vehicles (and therefore drivers) or pedestrians should be made. For example,
speed or traffic safety, public transport or private vehicles will be given prior-
ity (Hernández-Muñoz et al., 2011). In the last 10 years, the European Com-
mission has often referred to urban sustainable mobility as part of the goals
and actions to achieve sustainable urban development. Specific guidelines have
been proposed for the implementation of sustainable transport systems, such
as improving public transport and encouraging mild forms of transport (pedes-
trian, bicycle). As a result, member states have been adopting urban mobility
action plans. The proposed measures in the context of the basic guidelines for
urban mobility are:
- Unified Spatial Planning, Urban Planning, and Transport to address major
cities’ problems in the field of transport by implementing policies aimed at
improving traffic, giving emphasis on public transport infrastructure. - Traffic Management with the promotion of public transport, instead of pri-
vate vehicle traffic (priority to means of mass transport, smart traffic, inte-
grated parking policy, road safety upgrade, etc.). - Mild Refurbishments that give pedestrians and cyclists significant usable
space. - Technologies and Measures for the Environment, such as Vehicle and Fuel
Emission Reduction Technologies and Environmental Pricing based on the
“polluter pays” principle.