Transportation network applications Chapter | 16 177the driver experience while driving, vehicle preventive maintenance, etc. ADAS
monitor the condition and position of the vehicle, the condition of the driver
and the condition of the network (e.g., the road, the sea, or the air condition)
and either notify the driver or take driving decisions, in the case of unmanned
vehicles. The main application in terms of safety is collision avoidance, whereas
in the case of optimum driving conditions it comprises information about traf-
fic, alerts about congestions, accidents, etc. (Singh et al., 2017), which are
FIGURE 16.1 The layers of a transportation network system.