16 PART | I ITS technology enablers
• They provide both short and long-range data transmission and are thus ideal
both for intra and intervehicle communication.
• They are part of the plan for establishing 5G connectivity.
The combination of short and long-range connectivity and reliability makes
C-V2X an ideal low-cost solution for manufacturers that aim to build a safer and
more comfortable driving experience. At the same time, C-V2X is becoming
the basis for developing advanced security, safety, and car maintenance services
such as reliable car diagnostics, flexible car insurance contracts, emergency call,
infotainment onboard, etc.
C-V2X is also compatible with the existing cellular roadside infrastructure
thus reducing the cost for installation and maintenance of new road-network
facilities for local administration and moreover for agencies that control high-
way systems. Finally, C-V2X stands on the security services developed in the
existing cellular networks and offers two communication modes—one for
direct communication between moving nodes (vehicles, pedestrians, etc.) and
the infrastructure, which is mostly used for safety and emergencies and one
for network communication, which uses the conventional mobile network for
communicating less crucial information or information that does not have to be
real-time or media for entertainment.
The use of C-V2X can be beneficial in many scenarios that promote road
safety and improve the efficiency of transport networks:
- In the vehicle-platooning scenario, vehicles communicate with each other in
order to form a convoy, where autonomous vehicles travel in a close distance
from each other, which normally would not be safe for human drivers to
keep. The result is better road space usage and savings in fuel consumption
because of the adaptive cruise control. The scenario is of high interest in the
freight transport industry that can significantly improve the efficiency of
goods transport. - In the cooperative-driving scenario, vehicles communicate with each other
in cases of emergency, when they change their trajectory (e.g., when they
change lanes or brake suddenly), or when they want to change route (e.g., in
a U-turn or a car pass over the opposite lane) - In the queue-warning scenario, the roadside infrastructure communicates
with the vehicles to warn them for construction works along the road, or
queues that have been formed in from of them, giving them time to deceler-
ate smoothly and thus avoid accidents and reduce consumption. - The collision-avoidance scenario assumes that in case of an emergency
braking, a sudden lane change, a car accident, or any other obstacle ahead
either the nearby cars using their cameras or the road infrastructure using
sensors will be able to early understand the case and inform any vehicle that
is approaching to either to slow down or to brake immediately, if this is the
case. The nearest approaching vehicle will also transmit the information to
the vehicles that follow thus reducing the risk for a car pileup.