primitive conditions 500 years ago, 56–57
Revolutions of 1848, 95
wars, 30–31, 73–74, 166
See also England
Evans, Rowland, 205
Evarts, Edward, 314–15, 331
Ewing, Oscar, 203, 204
Ex Machina (film), 333, 334
eye surgery, 169–70
F
Fabricius, Hieronymus, 59, 64
Favaloro, René, 244
FDA. See Food and Drug Administration
Feldman, William, 138
fetomaternal transfer, 230
fever
from infection, 30
penicillin vs., 134–35
puerperal fever believed to be in the air, 102–3, 104, 105, 106
Rhazes’s theory, 20
finger replacement surgery, 293
flail arm patients, 4, 8–9
Flaubert, Gustave, xiv
flea, microscopic view of, 88
Fleming, Alexander, 130–31, 137
Florey, Howard, 132, 133–36, 137
Fontenelle, Bernard de, 89
Food, Drug and Cosmetic Act (1938), 214–15
Food and Drug Administration (FDA)
overview, 209, 215
Bureau of Radiological Health, 215
Center for Device and Radiological Health, 216
creation of, 213
erroneous approvals, 217
International Corsortium of Orthopedic Registries, 225
premarket approval for medical devices, 216
Ford, Gerald R., 216
four humors theory of Hippocrates, xv–xvii
fracture care
overview, 294
implants of metal plates and screws, 190
pre-antibiotics, 5–6