xii
Acknowledgments
N.
Frye,
William
Fuller,
OlegGrabar,Halil
Inalcik,WilliamH.
McNeill,the
lateSamuel
Sandmel,andAbraham
L.Udovitch.
PatriciaCroneand
RichardHellie
generouslyprovidedmewith
detailed
critiques
ofthe
entirework.
Conversationswith
Richard
W.
Bulliet,Ronald
Inden,andArthurN.
Waldron
helped
me
develop
mythoughts.
Joseph
F.
Fletcher,
Jr.,my
thesis
direc-
tor,
patiently read
through
many versions and--rare
in an
advisor--encouraged
me
tofollowan
interestandto
tryanin-
terpretationwhichare
myown.
Despitemuch
help,
Ialone
am
responsiblefor
any
errorsthat
may
remain.
Portionsofthiswork
have
previously
appeared
in
the
Journal
of
StrategicStudiesandthe
Jourralof
Turkish
Studiesandare
used
herewiththeir
permission.
O.P.
Chicago
December
1979