Slave Soldiers and Islam_ The Genesis of a Military System - Daniel Pipes

240

Martel,Charles, 56

Marwhn (caliph,Marwtnb.al-

.Hakam),

120-21,185

MarwanII

(caliph,

Marw5nb.

Mu.hammad),129-31,143,187,

191

Marwanidera,172,173,177,181,

192,193, 194, 204

Marwanids,108,117-31

Marzubanb.

Taraksafi, 207

Masr0r

al-Khadim, 139

Masters:bondswith

militaryslaves,8;

controloverslaves,17,19;

fearof

slave

mutiny,26-27.Seealso

Slave-master

relationship

MasC0di,al-, 206

Mawlas,46,148;inAbbasidmove-

ment,132-39;

acquisitionof,

182-83;inbattlesofBadrand

U

.hud,109-10;characteristics

sharedwith

militaryslaves,191-92;

in

civil

wars,117,118-23;control

over,184-85;enrollmentofnon-

Arabians

as,170-74;

fighting,

foreshadowed

militaryslaves,

182-93;

Khriji

rebellion

of,115;

loyaltyof,172,185-88;as

military

leaders,121,122,124,125-26,

128,129,

130,132,133,135,136,

137,139,187,190-91;

patronre-

lationships,

170,171, 172,

184,185;

in

positionsof

highauthority,

125,

128,

130;slave,171;term,xxvi,15,

196-98;Turkish,158;in

warfare,

109-39,165,170-73,186-91

Mawlas,free,177;benefitsof

military

service

to,171-72;contributionto

maintenance

ofArabianruleand

privilege,

173;social

standing

of,

184

Mawla
status,107-09,181,182n86,

184

Maymfinal-Jurjumni, 189

Mecca,52,112,119, 134,138,141,

191;pre-Islamicuseofslavesas

soldiers

in,164-66

Index

Meccanaccords, 180

Medina,64,65,111,121,

133-34,

187n103

Medinan

troops, 131

Mercenaries,as

alternativetomilitary

slaves,86-92;how

militaryslaves

differed

from,14,19-20,22-23

Merv,142, 180

Michael,

Jacobite

Patriarchof

Anti-

och,212,213-14

MiddleEast,57;civilization,

xvi-xviii,

71n35;defined,xiv;notwholeof

Islamdom,xv

Mihja(mawla),

109

Military

dates,

major, 204

MilitaryRegister(Diwanal-Jund),

150,152;roleof,intribal

organi-

zation

of

army,

170;transitionfrom

tribalto

geographic,174-75

Militaryslavery(institution),46;

sumptionsabout,xxi-xxii,benefits

of,8,72,86-93;characteristicsof,

xv,

xix,xx,xxii,39-40,140,159;

connectionto

Islam,xv,3-4,8n8,

54-62;asdescribedinMuslim

sources,199-202;differentfunc-

tions

of,3;explanationof,54-102;

first

occurrencesof,157-58,

159-94;first

systemof,140-58,

205-14;

ignored

inMuslim

thought,xx,5,69;influenceof

priorcivilizationson

development

of,

159,161-66;Islamicateele-

mentsinriseof,59-75,

99-100,

159-61,193-94;

nonmilitary

fac-

tors

and,93-99;

pre-Islamic

an-

tecedents

of,161-66;rationalefor,

86,100,159-61;

spreadof,194;

suppliedpool

ofmenforsexual

relations,99;

trainingprogram

core

of,9;asuniversaltoolof

statecraft

inIslamdom,53, 194

Militaryslaves:Abbasidrecruitment

of,

180-81;acquisitionof,87-89,

140-58,201-02;acquisitionof