Slaves
in
War:
TheHistoricalRecord 47
went
asfaras
they
couldinthedirectionof
using
thesamekind
ofsoldiers.
- Abbasids
(132-656/749-1258).
Slavesoldiersdominated
the Abbasid
army
and
government
by
the
mid-3d/gth
cen-
tury.
14
Then, muchlater,
whentheAbbasidsrevivedinthe
7th/13th
century,
slaves
againacquired
a
majormilitary
role.
15
3.
SpanishUmayyads
(138-422/756-1031).
They
alsodevel-
oped
aslave
system
inthe
early
3d/gth
century;
slaves
played
a
consistentlygreat
role
throughout
thelifeofthe
dynasty.
1
At
itsdissolutionin422/1031,several
dynasties
withrulersofslave
originsemerged?
7
4.
Buyids
(320-454/932-1062).Although
tribalsoldiersfrom
the Daylami
mountains
brought
themto
power,
the
Buyids
rapidly
recruitedTurkish
slavesoldiers.This
change
also
sig-
naledashiftfrominfantry
to
cavalry
warfare?
8
- Fatimids(297-567/909-1171).Likethe
Buyids,
froman
initial
tribal
army, they quicklydepended
on
militaryslaves,
though
theFatimids
employed
slavesofdiverse
origins,
includ-
ing
Turks,Berbers,Blacks,andSlavs?
9
104.
See
Ahmad; Ayalon,
"Military
Reforms"; Forand,
"Development";
Hamdi;Ismail,
"Muetas.im";
Saidi;T611ner.
105.A.
Hartmann,
"Tiirken
inBagdad
zurZeitder
spitenCAbbisidenam
Beispiel
derHerrschaft
an-Ns.ir
li-DinAllfihs
(1180-1225),"DerIslam 51
(1974):282-97.
- A.M.CA.F.al-CAbbfidi,
a-aqfzliba
f
Isbnya:Lamtta
Can
Aflihim
wa-
Nasha’atihimwa-eAlaqdtihimbi
H.
arakatash-Shuefibfya(Madrid,1373/1953)[Alsoin
Spanish:LosesclavosinEspaha,ojeada
sobresu
origen,desarollo,yrelacion el
movimento
deal
uCubiyya].Lvi-Provenfal,pp.
130-37.
Idem,
Histoirede
l’Espagne
musulmane
(Paris,1950-53),
2:122-30,3:66-85.
107.A.Prieto
y
Vires,LosReyesdeTaifas,estudiohistbrico-numismAticodelos
MusulmanesespaholesenelsigloVde
la
Hbgira(XIde
J.C.)
(Madrid,1926),
pp.
33-41.
108.C.E.Bosworth,
"Militaryorganisation
underthe
Btiylds
ofPersia
and
Iraq,"
Oriens 18-19(1965-66): 143-67.H.Busse,
Chalif
und
Grosskbnig:
die
Buyiden
imIraq(945-1055)(Beirut,1969),
pp.
329-39.M.Kabir,The
Buwayhid
Dynasty
of
Baghdad(334/946-447/1055)(Calcutta,1964),pp.134-44.
109.
J.
Bacharach,"TheUseofBlack
Troops
inMedieval
EgyptandIraq,"
paper
deliveredatAmericanHistoricalAssociation
meeting
in 1975.B.
J.
Beshir,
"Fatimid
MilitaryOrganization,"
DerIslam 55
(1978):
37-56.CA.
M.
Musharrafa,
Nuz.umal-H.
ukm
bi-Mr
f
A.r
al-F.timiyfn(Cairo,1367/1948),
pp.
168-80.
A.R.
Zaki,al-Jayshal-Mi.ffj’lAs.r
al-Islm
(Cairo,1970),pp.23-35.