NORTH EASTERN EUROPE 95

Estonia’s tumultuous history has

resulted from its geographi cal position

as a cross roads between Eastern and

Western Europe. With Russia domi-

nating its eastern border, Scandinavia

surroun ding it to the north and west

and the other two Baltic States to its

south, Estonia was considered a prize

strategic asset among the regional

powers through the centuries.

After regaining independence

from the Soviet Union in 1991,

Estonia was left severely dilapidated.

But persis tent reforms by successive

governments have helped to

stabilize the economy. Although the

rural areas still lag behind the cities

in raising living standards, Estonia

has grown into a major travel

destination. Its pristine islands and

traditional villages are as alluring as

its capital Tallinn, a puls ating city

with a medieval Old Town.

HISTORY

Historical references to Estonia date

from the early 13th century, when

the Teutonic knights arrived,

introducing a new social order in

which the Germans dom inated for

several centuries. A bitter struggle

ensued that saw the destruction of

Estonia’s pagan culture and its

replacement by a harsh feudal

system. The Danes were also

involved, taking control of northern

Estonia before being pushed out by

the Teutonic knights.

ESTONIA

P

resenting a heady mix of medieval heritage and technological

advancement, Estonia has rebuilt itself in the post-Soviet era,

adapting to the demands of the modern world while preserving

a distinct cultural identity. With its rich historic architecture, natural

landscapes and dynamic culture, the country makes a significant

impression on the ever-growing number of visitors that it attracts.

Glorious view of Tallinn with St Olav’s spire towering above the city

A group of Estonian folk dancers performing in traditional costume during a local festival