The Times - UK (2020-08-01)

the times | Saturday August 1 2020 1GM 77

We a t h e r

Channel Islands

NORTH

SEA

CHANNEL

IRISH

SEA

ATLANTIC

OCEAN

Aberdeen

Glasgow Edinburgh

Carlisle

Newcastle

York

Manchester

Liverpool

Hull

Llandudno

Shrewsbury Nottingham

Sheffield

Norwich

Cambridge

Oxford

Bristol

Swansea

Cardiff

Plymouth

Exeter

Southampton

Brighton

London

Londonderry

Belfast

Galway

Dublin

Cork

Birmingham

CELTIC

SEA

Orkney Shetland

1112121211121122222

Tuesday

22

15

19

22

Aberdeen

Aberporth

Anglesey

Aviemore

Barnstaple

Bedford

Belfast

Birmingham

Bournemouth

Bridlington

Bristol

Camborne

Cardiff

Edinburgh

Eskdalemuir

Glasgow

Hereford

Herstmonceux

Ipswich

Isle of Man

Isle of Wight

Jersey

Keswick

Kinloss

Leeds

Lerwick

Leuchars

Lincoln

Liverpool

London

Lyneham

Manchester

Margate

Milford Haven

Newcastle

Nottingham

Orkney

Oxford

Plymouth

Portland

Scilly, St Mary’s

Shoreham

Shrewsbury

Snowdonia

Southend

South Uist

Stornoway

Tiree

Whitehaven

Wick

Yeovilton

Around Britain

Key: b=bright, c=cloud, d=drizzle, pc=partly cloudy

du=dull, f=fair, fg=fog, h=hail, m=mist, r=rain,

sh=showers, sl=sleet, sn=snow, s=sun, t=thunder

*=previous day **=data not available

Temp C Rain mm Sun hr*

midday yesterday 24 hrs to 5pm yesterday

Noon today

19 S 2.8 0.7

24 S 0.0 8.7

22 PC 0.0 4.7

** ** ** **

23 S 0.0 **

31 S 0.0 **

22 S 6.4 0.0

31 S 0.0 **

26 S 0.0 13.2

19 S 0.0 **

29 S 0.0 13.9

19 B 0.0 14.1

24 PC 0.0 13.6

22 C 1.6 0.0

24 PC 0.4 0.0

22 PC 1.8 0.0

29 S 0.0 **

30 S 0.0 12.0

28 S 0.0 14.9

19 PC 0.0 0.6

28 S 0.0 **

18 B 0.0 14.4

26 S 0.0 **

26 S 1.6 0.5

25 S 0.0 **

15 PC 0.6 0.0

18 PC 3.0 0.0

29 S 0.0 6.1

27 S 0.0 **

35 S 0.0 13.7

30 S 0.0 13.9

29 S 0.1 4.6

27 S 0.0 13.5

20 PC 0.0 **

25 PC 0.0 **

29 S 0.0 8.2

17 S 0.2 2.7

32 S 0.0 **

19 C 0.0 **

21 S 0.0 **

** ** ** **

** ** ** **

29 PC 0.0 9.7

25 S 0.0 **

23 S 0.0 14.8

18 PC 6.4 **

17 C 3.8 1.5

15 R 13.2 0.0

27 S 0.0 0.4

15 S 0.4 **

30 PC 0.0 14.0

The world

All readings local midday yesterday

Alicante

Amsterdam

Athens

Auckland

Bahrain

Bangkok

Barbados

Barcelona

Beijing

Beirut

Belgrade

Berlin

Bermuda

Bordeaux

Brussels

Bucharest

Budapest

Buenos Aires

Cairo

Calcutta

Canberra

Cape Town

Chicago

Copenhagen

Corfu

Delhi

Dubai

Dublin

Faro

Florence

Frankfurt

Geneva

Gibraltar

Harare

Helsinki

Hong Kong

Honolulu

Istanbul

Jerusalem

Johannesburg

Kuala Lumpur

Lanzarote

Las Palmas

Lima

Lisbon

Los Angeles

Luxor

Madeira

Madrid

Mallorca

Malaga

Malta

Melbourne

Mexico City

Miami

Milan

Mombasa

Montreal

Moscow

Mumbai

Munich

Nairobi

Naples

New Orleans

New York

Nice

Nicosia

Oslo

Paris

Perth

Prague

Reykjavik

Riga

Rio de Janeiro

Riyadh

Rome

San Francisco

Santiago

São Paulo

Seoul

Seychelles

Singapore

St Petersburg

Stockholm

Sydney

Tel Aviv

Tenerife

Tokyo

Vancouver

Venice

Vienna

Warsaw

Washington

Zurich

32 S

30 S

34 S

15 DU

41 S

33 PC

3 1 PC

30 S

33 S

30 S

33 S

25 S

30 PC

33 PC

34 S

33 S

31 S

13 S

3 5 PC

35 S

11 S

19 S

27 B

19 PC

35 S

** **

46 S

20 SH

25 B

35 S

32 S

33 PC

26 B

21 S

19 PC

2 7 SH

3 1 PC

3 1 PC

32 S

18 S

2 7 PC

23 PC

2 5 PC

15 DU

30 S

19 PC

42 S

2 4 PC

36 S

34 S

29 S

35 S

14 S

23 PC

33 B

32 S

27 B

26 PC

18 PC

32 S

29 S

21 B

31 S

33 PC

31 B

28 PC

36 S

2 1 PC

37 S

19 PC

26 S

13 R

17 C

19 R

44 S

32 S

19 PC

12 B

15 C

28 B

26 SH

30 B

15 SH

18 B

16 PC

32 S

27 PC

25 B

25 PC

32 S

30 S

22 S

3 4 PC

33 S

The Times weather er r r rrrrrrrrrr

page is provided

by Weatherquestt

Five days ahead

Changeable with some

rain or showers at first,

becoming dry and warm

later next week

Today A mixture of bright or sunny spells, variable cloud and a few scattered showers. Max 26C (79F), min 6C (43F)

Tides

Tidal predictions.

Heights in metres

Today Ht Ht

Aberdeen

Avonmouth

Belfast

Cardiff

Devonport

Dover

Dublin

Falmouth

Greenock

Harwich

Holyhead

Hull

Leith

Liverpool

London Bridge

Lowestoft

Milford Haven

Morecambe

Newhaven

Newquay

Oban

Penzance

Portsmouth

Shoreham

Southampton

Swansea

Tees

Weymouth

0 0:10 3.8 12:4 6 3. 9

06 : 00 11.2 18:3 0 11. 6

10 :15 3.2 22:41 3.3

0 5:51 1 0 .4 18:24 1 0. 8

0 4:35 4.7 17: 0 2 5. 0

1 0:20 5.9 22:51 6 .1

1 0:5 6 3.8 23:12 3. 9

0 4:12 4.4 1 6 :38 4.7

1 1:31 3.0 --:-- --

1 0:41 3. 6 23:08 3.8

09 :35 5. 0 21:55 5.2

0 5:02 6 .7 17:40 6 .7

0 1:17 5. 0 13:55 5.1

1 0:23 8.3 22:4 6 8.7

0 0:1 6 6 .5 12:57 6 .4

0 8:27 2.4 21:00 2.4

0 5:09 6 .0 17:39 6 .2

1 0:27 8.3 22:50 8. 6

1 0:10 5.9 22:34 6.1

0 4:03 6 .0 1 6 :32 6 .3

0 5:15 3.3 17:32 3.5

0 3:37 4.8 1 6 :04 5. 0

1 0:32 4.2 22:47 4.4

1 0:27 5.5 22:50 5.7

0 9:34 4.0 21:51 4.2

0 5:12 8.1 17:45 8.4

0 2:30 4.8 15:05 4. 9

0 5:31 1. 6 18:03 1.8

Synoptic situation

A weak occluded front will drift

eastwards across England,

Wales and Scotland, bringing

thicker areas of cloud and a

few showers. Sunny spells

will return from the west, but

a secondary occluded front

will bring an increasing risk of

showers or longer spells of rain

into Ireland by the afternoon.

Still feeling quite warm in the

southeast.

Highs and lows

24hrs to 5pm yesterday

Warmest: Heathrow,

Greater London, 37.8C

Coldest: Shobdon, 8.3C

Wettest: Harris, 1 3. 8 mm

Sunniest: Wattisham,

Suffolk, 14.9hrs*

Sun and moon

For Greenwich

Sun rises:

Sun sets:

Moon rises:

Moon sets:

Full moon: August 3

Hours of darkness

Aberdeen

Belfast

Birmingham

Cardiff

Exeter

Glasgow

Liverpool

London

Manchester

Newcastle

Norwich

Penzance

Sheffi eld

21:51-04:3 9

21:54- 0 5: 07

21:29-05:0 0

21:3 0 - 0 5: 09

21:29-05:1 3

21:53-04:5 4

21:37-0 5 :0 0

21:18-04:5 6

21:34-04: 57

21:38-04:4 8

21:1 7 - 0 4:4 6

21:34-05:2 3

21:31-04: 54

General situation: Bright or sunnyht

spells and a few scattered showers.

E Anglia, London, SE Eng: Dry for much

of the day with sunny spells, cloud

tending to increase with the risk of a

few scattered showers, especially later

in the day. Light to moderate west or

southwesterlysouthwesterly winds Maximum winds. Maximum

26C (79F), minimum 9C (48F).

SW Eng, Wales: Scattered showers in

the morning, but these tending to ease

leaving much of the afternoon dry with

broken cloud and sunny spells. Light to

moderate westerly winds. Maximum

22C (72F), minimum 8C (46F).

N Ireland, Republic of Ireland: Some

sunny spells, but increasing cloud will

bring the risk of scattered showers,

some heavy and locally thundery and

tending to merge into a longer spell of

rainrain later in the day Light to moderate later in the day. Light to moderate

southwesterly winds. Maximum

1 8C (64F), minimum 6C (43F).

Scotland:Thundery rain will gradually

clear from Shetland during the

morning, leaving most areas with a

mixture of sunny spells, variable cloud

and a few scattered showers. Winds

mainly light and variable, but moderate

at times near some coasts. Maximum

20C (68F), minimum 6C (43F).

NE Eng, Cen N Eng, E Eng, Midlands,

NW Eng, IoM, Cen S Eng, Channel Is,

LakeLake District: District:AA mixture of variable mixture of variable

cloud and a few scattered showers, but

also some sunny spells, especially later

in the day. Light to moderate westerly

winds. Maximum 24C (75F),

minimum 8C (46F).

Tomorrow

23

17

17

22

Monday

22

16

16

22

Wednesday

24

18

20

22

26

21

22

25

8

westerly winds

144 188

4

oooo

122

4

5

191

neyney Sh

10101110110101101010101010110101010111011010101010110000000000000000000000000000000

88

24

18

21

17

16

18

14

115

171 155

26

26

22

18

17

17

18

16

16

22

(^8) r
6
ih
L
k
F
95
86
77
68
59
50
41
32
23
14
5
C
35
30
25
20
15
10
5
0

• 5


• 10
  -1 5

Wind speedWddppee

(mph)

Temperature

28 (degrees C)

3434

Sea stateSSaa aaee

Calm Cl

Slight

Moderate

Rough

Flood alerts and warnings

At 17:00 on Friday there were no fl ood

alerts or warnings in England, Wales

or Scotland.

For further information andupdates

in England visit fl ood-warning-

information.service.gov.uk, for Wales

naturalresources.wales/fl ooding and

for Scotland SEPA.org.ukk

Cold front

Warm front

Occluded front

Trough

LLOWLOLOLOWLOWLOWLOLOWLLOWLOLOWLOLLOLLOWLOWLOLOWLLOWLLLOLOLOLLOLOWLLOLOLOWLOWLOWLOWLLOLOWLLOLLLOLLOLOLLLLLLOLOOOWOWOOOOWOWOWOWOOOOOOOWOOWOOOOOOOWOOOOOOOOOWOOWOWOOOOOOOOOOOOOOWOOOWOOOOOOOOWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWW

HIGHH LOWLOWLOWOWOOWOWOWOOWOOWOOWOWOOOWOWOWOWOWOOWOOWOOOOOOOWOOWOWOOWOWOWOWOOWWWWWWWWWWWW

LOWLOWLOWLOWLOWLLLOWLOWLOWLOWLOWLOWLOWLOWLOWLOWLOWOWOWOWOWOOOWOWOWOWOOWOWOWOWOOWOWOWOWOWOWOOWOWOWOWOWOWOOWOWOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOWWWWWWWWWWWWWW

HIGHHIGHHIGHHHIGHHIGHHIGHHIHIGHHIGHHIGHHIGHHHHIGHHIHIGHHIIGHIIGIGHIGHIGHIGHIIGHIGHIGHIGHIGHIGHIIGHIIGHIGHIGHIGHIIGHIGHGGGHHHHHHHHHH

HIGHHIGIGIGIGIGI

LOLOLOLLLLOWLLOWLOWLOWLLLLLOLOLLOLOLLOLOWLLLLOLOWLOWLOLLOLOWLOWLOOOOOOOOWOOWWWWWWW

HIGHHIGHHIGHHIGHIIIGHIIIIIIIIIIIGHH

10241024102410240202020020202400200240202022222222222424222244444

1016101610161016101610160161666666

1011011101011011011000100001000101001010100101010101010100011116111111161111116116161161116161616111611161611116116116161111111666666666666666666666666666666

10101101610161011016101610161016101101101601010101001010101111

110161016101111101610161016001111

1008100810081008100810081008100800080080080000000000000080000000080080000000000000080008080800808080000800000800008088888888888888888888888888888888

11010081101010101008101008100810101010081010101010111110100100811000800008000000008008000800000008000000080000080000000800000080008000000008000000080008008080000800808080808888

100011000100010000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000

101001000100100010001000100010001000100011000100010001000100010001000100010001010000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000

Windy across central, northern and

western areas with outbreaks of rain.

Mainly dry in the far south with someMainly dry in thhhe faee farr rsouth with some

sunny spellss..

Max 23C,minmiiniin 9Cn 9Cnnnnnnnnnnnnnn 9Cn9C9C 9 9C9C9C9C9C9C9C9C9C9C9C9C9C9CCCC

Sunny spells and patchy cloud with

a few scattered showers, but many

places will probably stay dry.places will probbbablyablyablyablyssstay dry y.

Max 24C,minnnn 33 3C 333333 3C3C3C3C 3 3C 333 3C3C 33333 3CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC

Showery rain in the southwest will

gradually clear, leaving many areas

with a mixture of sunny spells and just with a mixture oooofsuf suf suunnny yspelpls and justt

a few scatteeredred ed showers.eeded eded ed ed eded showersedeeed showers.edddddddsshowsshoshoshowshowshowshowshoshoshowshowshowshowshowshohoowoowowowwwwwwwers.ers.ers.ers.ers.ers.ers.erersers

Max 23C,minmiiniin 5Cn 5Cnnnnnnnnnnnnnnn 5C5C5C5C5C5C5C5C5C5C5C5C5C5C5C5C5C5C 5 CCCC

Rather cloudy and breezy with

outbreaks of rain in places, brighter

with a few showers in the north.with a few showewwewrs irs sin the north.

Max 25C,mininnn 777 7C 77777 7C7C 7 7C7C 77 7C 7 7C7C7C 7777 7CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC

Cloud and patchy rain in western areas

gradually lifting northwards, leaving

many places dry with sunny spells andmany places dry yy y witwiththth sunny spells and

becomingvererry warm in eay way way waywy wyway wyway wy wy wy wywy wy warm in eaywy warm in eay w wwwwwwwrrmrmrmrmrmmmim mmmmmmmm im im immm iiiiiin ean ean ean en ean ean eaeaeaeaeeaeaaaaasters n parts.

Max 29C,miiniiinn 8Cn 8Cnnnnnnnnnnnnnn 8C8C8C8C8C8C8C8C8C8C8C8C 8 8C8C8C8CCCCCCC

05 .2 4

20.4 7

19 .4 9

0 3.34 Sun

O

n this day in 1774 Joseph

Priestley made a hugely

significant scientific

discovery. It was a sunny

day at Bowood House in

Calne, Wiltshire, where Priestley

was employed by Lord Shelburne as

librarian and tutor to his sons. Most

importantly, he could make use of a

laboratory in the house.

On August 1, Priestley focused

sunlight with a large “burning lens”

— a magnifying glass — to heat up

red oxide of mercury. The oxide

gave off a colourless gas which

Priestley collected and found it had

remarkable powers.

“This air is of exalted nature. A

candle burnt in this air with an

amazing strength of flame; and a bit

of red hot wood crackled and burnt

with a prodigious rapidity,

exhibiting an appearance something

like that of iron glowing with a

white heat, and throwing sparks in

all directions,” he reported in the

Royal Society’s journal

Philosophical Transactions in 1775.

He tested the gas on mice and

then tried it on himself, noting that

it was “five or six times better than

common air for the purpose of

respiration, inflammation, and, I

believe, every other use of common

atmospherical air”. Priestley had

discovered oxygen, although it was

named later by Antoine Lavoisier.

In 1772 Priestley had also

stumbled on photosynthesis. He

knew that if a candle was put inside

a sealed chamber it was soon

snuffed out and if a mouse was put

in afterwards it quickly suffocated.

But he discovered that when a plant

was put in the chamber it

replenished the air enough that days

later a mouse could safely breathe in

the air. He didn’t realise the plant

was giving off oxygen by

photosynthesis using light, but he

did appreciate the significance of

plants in the atmosphere. As he

wrote in Philosophical Transactions:

“The injury which is continually

done to the atmosphere by the

respiration of such a number of

animals, and the putrefaction of

such masses of both vegetable and

animal matter, is, in part at least,

repaired by the vegetable creation.”

Weather Eye

Paul Simons