(see Expansion). The third part of Cieza’s chronicle covers the Spanish
discovery and conquest of the Inca Empire, while the fourth part, The Civil
Wars of Peru, tells of the civil wars, among various factions of Spaniards, that
undermined Peru’s Spanish colonial administration for decades in the mid-
sixteenth century.
Further Reading
Cieza de León, Pedro de. Parte primera de la cronica del Peru [in Spanish]. 1553.
http://www.brown.edu/Facilities/John_Carter_Brown_Library/peru/peru/spa_deleon.php.
———. The Travels of Pedro de Cieza de León, A.D. 1532–50, Contained in the First Part of His
Chronicle of Peru. Translated and edited by Clements R. Markham. Works Issued by the Hakluyt
Society, no. 33. London: Printed for the Hakluyt Society, 1864. Reissued, New York: Burt Franklin,
1964 [1553].
———. The Incas. Translated by Harriet de Onis. Edited by Victor W. von Hagen. Norman: University
of Oklahoma Press, 1959 [1553].
———. The Discovery and Conquest of Peru: Chronicles of the New World Encounter. Edited and
translated by Alexandra Parma Cook and Noble David Cook. Durham, NC: Duke University Press,
1998 [1554].
Pease, Franklin. “Cieza de León, Pedro de (ca. 1518–1554).” In Guide to Documentary Sources for
Andean Studies, 1530–1900, edited by Joanne Pillsbury, vol. 2, 34–36. Norman: University of
Oklahoma Press, 2008.
■ADRIANA VON HAGEN
COBO, BERNABÉBorn in Lopera, Spain, in 1580, Cobo arrived in Lima in 1599. He studied at
the Jesuit colleges of Lima and later in Cuzco, where he graduated in
theology. He lived in the Titicaca region in 1610 and in 1613, working at the
native parish of Juli run by the Jesuit order. Cobo later taught Latin at the
Jesuit college in Arequipa before moving to Pisco, on Peru’s south coast, to
direct the Jesuit college there. He returned to Lima in 1620 and soon
embarked for Mexico, where he lived from 1629 to 1642. Cobo then returned
to Lima, where he spent the rest of his life until his death, in 1657. He began
writing his Historia del Nuevo Mundo (History of the New World) in Lima,
completing the first part in 1639 and putting the finishing touches on the
second and final part in 1653. The manuscript subsequently made its way to
Seville, Spain. The first complete edition of Cobo’s chronicle was not
published until 1890–1893.