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Danube

Yellow (^) R
ive
r
Yangtze
Congo
Amu
r
Lena
Mek
on
g
(^) Vol
ga
Ob’
Zambezi
Nig
er
Ni
le^
Orange (^)
Gan
ges
Dar
ling^
Ind
us^
River
Dead
Sea
Lake
Balkhash
Lake
Baikal
Lake
Victoria
Lake
Nyasa
Lake
Chad
Mediterra
nea
n (^) Sea
Ca
spi
an
(^) S
ea
Re
d
Se
a
South Indian Ba
sin
H^ E^ R^ N^ O (^) C (^) E (^)
A (^) N
Th
e (^) G
ulf
Gulf^ o
f^ Ad
en^
Mo
za
mb
iq
ue
C
ha
nn
el^
Timor^
Se
a^
ATLANTIC
OCEAN
Gulf of
Guinea
North
Sea
Barents
Sea
ARCTIC OCEAN
Black Sea
Aral
Sea
INDIAN
OCEAN
Arabian
Sea Bay of
Bengal
Laptev
Sea
East Siberian
Sea
Sea of
Okhotsk
Sea of
Japan
(East Sea)
Yellow
Sea
East
China
Sea
South
China
Sea
Java Sea
Bass Strait
Tasman
Sea
Arafura
Sea
Coral
Sea
Philippine
Sea
PACIFIC
OCEAN
Bay of Biscay
Den
mark
Strait^
Nor wegian
Sea
Balt
ic
S
ae
M
ad
ag
as
ca
r^
Mic
ro
ne
s
i
a
M e
l
a n e s i a
Su
m
at
ra
Bouvet
Island
Cape Verde
Islands
Canary
Islands
British
Isles
Iceland
Greenland
Crozet
Islands
Ke r g u e l e n
Réunion
Mauritius
Seychelles
Maldive
Islands
Andaman
Islands
Nicobar
Sri Islands
Lanka
Tasmania South Island
North Island
New Zealand
New
Caledonia
Vanuatu
Fiji
Solomon
Islands
New
Guinea
Celebes
East
Java Indies
Borneo
Philippine
Islands
Ta i w a n
Mariana
Islands
Marshall
Islands
Ryukyu
Islands
Shikoku
Kyushu
Honshu
Japan
Hokkaido
Sakhalin
South
Georgia South Sandwich
Islands
Gough
Island
Tristan da
Cunha
St. Helena
Ascension
Island
Madeira
Azores
Spitsbergen
North^
Euro
pea
n^ P
lai
n^
Carpath
ia
A n
lps^
Ur
al
(^) M
ou
nt
ai
ns
(^) M
ts.
Caucasu
s
Atl
as^
Mts.
G
er
at
(^) R
if
t
Va
lle
y
Gr
ea
t
Ri
ft
Va
lle
y
Drake
nsb
er
g^
Gr
eat
D
iv
id
in
g^
Ra
ng
e^
Altai
Moun
tains Gobi
S i b e
r i
a^
Hi
m
ala
yas^
Tien^ Shan^
Deccan^
Mts.
Khrebet
Chers
kogo
(^) K
am
cha
tka
Kunl
un^ Mountains
Nullarbor (^)
Hi
nd
u^ Ku
P sh
amirs^
W
es
ter
n (^) G
ha
ts E
as
ter
n^ G
ha
ts^
Sahara
Sahel
Congo
Basin
Kalahari
Desert
Ethiopian
Highlands
Arabian
Peninsula
We s t
Siberian
Plain
Central
Siberian
Plateau
Iranian
Plateau
Thar
Desert
Plateau
of Tibet
Great Victoria
Desert
Great Sandy
Desert
Malay
Peninsula
Great Plain
of China
Manchurian
Plain
Cape of
Good Hope
Na
m
ib
De
se
rt
Ahaggar
Tibesti
Iberian
Peninsula
Lib
ya
n (^) D
es
ert
Syrian
Desert
Zag
ros
(^) Mt
s.
Horn of
Africa
Plain
M
id

• A
  tl
  a
  n
  ti
  c

(^) R
id
g
e
ti
c^
R
id
g
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So
ut
hw
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t^ I
nd
ia
n^
Ri
dg
e^
So
ut
he
as
t
In
di
an
Rid
ge
Marian
a^ T
ren
ch
Gr
ea
t (^) B
ar
rie
r
Re
ef
Ph
ili
pp
in
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Tre
nc
h
N
in
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ty
ea
s
t^
R
id
g
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M
id

In

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Mi

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acifi

c (^) Mou
ntain
s
Ku
ril
e
Tr
en
ch
Emp
ero
r (^) S
eam
oun
ts
Aleut
ian (^) Trench
Bo
nin
(^) Tr
en
ch
Brazil
Basin
Angola
Basin
Somali
Plain
Arabian
Basin
Cocos
Basin
Campbell
Plateau
Northwest
Pacific
Basin
Cape
Basin
Sc
an
din
avia^
EUROPE
ASIA
AFRICA
AUSTRALIA
ANTARCTICA
Equator
Arctic Circle
Tropic (^) of Capricorn
Antarctic Circ
le
Tropic of^ Cancer^
Å
Å
Å
Mont Blanc4,807 m Å
(15,770 ft) 5,642 mEl'brus
(18,510 ft)
Kilimanjaro
5,895 m(19,340 ft)
MountEverest
8,850 m(29,035 ft)
215
FIND OUT MORE. Continents 39 • Mountains 45 • Oceans 40–41 • Planet Earth 36–37 • Rivers 56 • Volcanoes 44
People and Places
Longest river: Nile
6,695 km (4,160 miles)
Largest lake: Caspian Sea
371,000 sq km
(143,243 sq miles)
Highest point: Everest
8,850 m (29,035 ft)
Lowest point: Dead Sea
-392 m (-1,285 ft)
Largest ocean: Pacific Ocean
165,384,000 sq km
(63,838,000 sq miles)
Largest desert: Sahara
9,065,000 sq km
(3,263,400 sq miles)
Largest island: Greenland
2,175,219 sq km
(839,852 sq miles)
Coldest inhabited place:
Verkhoyansk, Siberia
-70 ̊C in January
Hottest inhabited place: Baghdad,
Iraq, 43 ̊C in July–August
Wettest inhabited place:
Buenaventura, Columbia, 6,734
cm (2,651 in) of rain per year
Driest place: Aswan, Egypt, 0.5
mm (0.02 in) of rain per year
VOLCANOES 3
Volcanoes such as Kilauea on the island of Hawaii in
the Pacific Ocean erupt when plumes of hot magma rise up from
the Earth’s mantle and explode as lava. Some volcanoes erupt
regularly, but others can lie dormant for many years before they
erupt, often with tremendous force.
1 WATERY WORLD
Seventy-one per cent of our planet is covered with water mainly in the
form of oceans, seas, lakes, and rivers. The tallest mountain, the deepest
trench, and the longest mountain range are all found under the ocean.
4 IGUAÇU FALLS
Lying between Argentina and
Brazil, the Iguaçu Falls have two
main sections, each containing
hundreds of waterfalls separated
from each other by rocky islands.
The name Iguaçu comes from the
Guarani Indian word meaning
“great water”.
SAHARA DESERT 3
The world’s largest hot desert is
the Sahara, which stretches from
the Atlantic Ocean in the west,
right across North Africa to the
Red Sea in the east.
PHYSICAL WORLD