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A map is a picture that represents a particular part of
the Earth’s surface, usually from above and at a reduced
size. It can show the whole world, a single country,
or the street where you live. Unlike a photograph, a
map can give different kinds of
information, such as place
names, the height of the
land, or where the borders
between countries are.
THE NEW WORLD 3
This map of the New World was drawn in 1584,
just 62 years after Ferdinand Magellan completed
the first circumnavigation of the world. European
mapmakers used their imagination as much as fact
when compiling maps, as many parts of the world,
such as Australia, the Arctic, and Antarctica, were
unknown to them and many coastlines
had yet to be fully explored.
TIME ZONES 2
The world is divided into 24 time
zones starting with Greenwich
Mean Time (GMT) on the Prime
Meridian. Countries to the east of
this line are ahead of GMT, those
to the west are behind. The 180°
line of longitude is called the
International Date Line. Places
just west of this line are one
day ahead of places to the east.
Mapping
LAKE CHAD
Rainfall over the land is collected
in lakes or underground
chambers and drains into the
ocean via rivers. Major rivers and
large lakes, such as Lake Chad in
central Africa, are coloured blue
and clearly labelled on the maps
here. See the map key on the
opposite page for an example.MOUNT KILIMANJARO
Tall mountain ranges are
marked on maps in white.
Individual peaks, such as
Mount Kilimanjaro in Tanzania,
Africa, are marked with a special
triangular symbol. See the map
key on the opposite page for
an example.GREAT BARRIER REEF
The Great Barrier Reef is the
largest living thing in the world
and consists of millions of tiny
coral polyps. It runs for about
2,000 km (1,242 miles) along the
coast of Queensland in northeast
Australia. Major natural features
like this are labelled on the maps
in this section.VICTORIA FALLS
Major waterfalls, such as
Victoria Falls on the Zambezi
River in Africa, are clearly
labelled on the maps in this
section. In real life they are
dramatic natural features, but
on a large-scale continental map
they are sometimes too small to
pinpoint precisely.4 MODERN TECHNOLOGY
Today, cartographers (mapmakers)
use sophisticated satellite
imaging to accurately map the
world. This map of the United
States was created from a
satellite photograph and clearly
shows the contours and
vegetation of the land.NAMIB DESERT
Many parts of the world are
covered by hot, dry deserts such
as the Namib Desert in southern
Africa. Deserts often contain
sandy soil that can support few
plants other than cacti. They are
labelled on the continental maps
in this section.PACIFIC OCEAN
Seventy-one per cent of the
world’s surface is covered by
water, mainly in the form of vast
oceans such as the Pacific, the
largest ocean in the world. The
oceans are coloured blue on the
maps here and are all labelled.PHYSICAL FEATURES