Ca
spi
an(^) S
ea
(Oman)
INDIAN
OCEAN
PACIFIC OCEAN
(^) R
ed
(^) S
ea
Black
Sea
Suez Canal
Sahara
Sahel
Arabian
Peninsula
S i b e r
i a^
Su
ma
tr
a
Borneo
Taiwan
Java
New
Guinea
Burma
Réunion
Mauritius
Comoro Islands
Amirante Islands
Zanzibar Seychelles
Ascension
Fernando Po
Canary
Islands
Madeira Malta
Socotra
Chagos Islands
Cocos Islands Christmas
Island
Lord Howe
Island
New
Caledonia
Solomon
Islands
Fiji
Santa Cruz
Islands
Ellice
Islands
Gilbert
Islands
Caroline
Islands
Marshall
Islands
Guam
Mariana
Islands
Cape Town
Addis
Ababa
Ceuta
Batavia
Manila
Mahé Karikal Saigon
Goa
Pondicherry Madras
Diu
Damão
Yanaon
Chandernagore
Bangkok
Delhi
Tokyo
Weihaiwei
Jiaozhou
Beijing
Port Arthur
Tehran
Gwadar
Moscow
Lisbon Madrid
Rome
Paris
Istanbul
Vienna Budapest
Berlin
Melilla
Guangzhouwan
London
Cairo
Singapore
Aden
Macao
Hong Kong
Sydney
(Ottoman
dominions
under
British control)
(nominally
independent under
Belgian control)
(British occupied)
(Cape Colony)
BECHUANA-
LAND
CAPE
COLONY
NATAL
BASUTOLAND
GERMAN
SOUTHWEST
AFRICA
SOUTHERN
RHODESIA
BAROTSELAND-
NORTHWESTERN
RHODESIA
LADO
ANGLO-
EGYPTIAN
SUDAN
ERITREA
FRENCH SOMALILAND
HADHRAMAUT
ITALIAN
SOMALILAND
FRENCH
CONGO
SAO TOME
& PRINCIPE
RIO
MUNI
KA
M
ER
UN
ST. HELENA
GOLD
COAST
NIGERIA
TOGO
PORTUGUESE
GUINEA
IFNI
GIBRALTAR
TUNIS
DUTCH EAST INDIES
PORTUGUESE
TIMOR
SARAWAK
PAPUA
KAISER WILHELM’S
LAND
AUSTRALIAN
COLONIES
NEW
ZEALAND
BISMARCK
ARCHIPELAGO
BRUNEI
BRITISH
NORTH BORNEO
MALAYA
CEYLON
FRENCH
INDOCHINA
CHINA
KUWAIT
BAHRAIN
KHIVA
TRUCIAL
OMAN
CYPRUS
ICELAND
FRANCE
BOSNIA-
HERZEGOVINA
MONTENEGRO
FINLAND
FRENCH
WEST AFRICA
BRITISH
SOMALILAND
NORTHEASTERN
RHODESIA
BRITISH
CENTRAL AFRICA
PORTUGUESE
EAST
AFRICA
WALVIS BAY
GERMAN
EAST
AFRICA
BRITISH
EAST
CONGO AFRICA
FREE STATE
PHILIPPINE
ISLANDS
INDIA
MALDIVE ISLANDS
OM
AN
BU
KHA
RA
A
L
G
E
R
IA
BELGIUM
SIAM
LIBERIA
ABYSSINIA
BRITAIN NETH.
N
OR
W
AY
SW
ED
EN^
ITALY
ORANGE FREE STATE
SOUTH AFRICAN
REPUBLIC
ANGOLA
MOROCCO NEPAL BHUTAN
JAPAN
KOREA
PERSIA
EGYPT
OT
TO
MA
N^ E
MPI
RE^
RUSSIAN EMPIRE
PORTUGAL SPAIN
ROMANIA
BULGARIA
SERBIA
AUSTRO-HUNGARIAN
EMPIRE
GREECE
SWITZ.
DENMARKGERMAN
EMPIRE
RIO DE ORO
SIERRA
LEONE
GAMBIA
POLAND
MA
DA
GA
SC
AR
AFGHANISTAN
FIND OUT MORE. Medieval Africa 394–395 • Mughal India 407
History^423
1824 Dutch and British
agree southeast
Asian territories
1883– Germany gains
1885 colonies in Africa
and Pacific
1885 Belgian rule in
the Congo
1887 French rule
Indochina
1899– Second South
1902 African (“Boer”)
War
1904 Federation of
French West
Africa
1918 German and
Ottoman
empires broken
up after defeat
in World War I
WHERE DID THE LEGIONNAIRES FIGHT?
They fought wherever France needed them in their
empire. The Legion was most famously associated
with desert campaigns in North Africa. French
territory stretched all the way from Algeria south to
the Congo River. France also ruled Madagascar,
French Guiana, as well as islands in the Caribbean,
Indian Ocean, and South Pacific.
Empires needed large armies to suppress rebellions or fight rival
powers. The Foreign Legion was formed by the French in 1831 to
fight in colonial wars. It was recruited from foreigners and
gained a reputation for tough discipline.
Ottoman Empire
Britain and possessions
France and possessions
Denmark and possessions
Spain and possessions
Portugal and possessions
Netherlands and possessions
German Empire and
possessions
Russian Empire and
possessions
Japan and possessions
Italy and possessions
USA and possessions
Independent nations
settlement symbol
colonial possession
FRENCH FOREIGN LEGION
4 SOLDIERS OF THE EMPIRE
Foreign legionnaires and other
foot-soldiers serving in the great
empires had to put up with harsh
conditions, tropical fevers, and
long absences away from their
home country.
EMPIRE 1800–1918
THE WORLD IN 1900
age of
empire