facts   we  wish    to  remember,   and we  should  be  able    to  insure  their   recall  as
certainly   and in  a   better  way than    through the device. Then,   also,   we  should  not
be  in  danger  of  handing over    to  the device  various facts   for which   we  should
discover     relations,  thus    placing     them    in  the     logical     body    of  our     usable
knowledge   where   they    belong.
8. PROBLEMS IN OBSERVATION AND INTROSPECTION
- Carefully   consider    your    own powers  of  memory  and see whether you can
 decide which of the four types of brain you have. Apply similar tests to your
 classmates or a group of school children whom you have a chance to observe. Be
 sure to take into account the effects of past training or habits of memory.
- Watch   in  your    own memorizing  and also    that    of  school  children    for failures    in
 recall caused by lack of proper associations. Why is it particularly hard to
 commit what one does not understand?
- Observe a   class   in  a   recitation  or  an  examination and seek    to  discover    whether
 any defects of memory revealed are to be explained by lack of (1) repetition, (2)
 recency, (3) vividness in learning.
- Make    a   study   of  your    own class   and also    of  a   group   of  children    in  school  to
 discover their methods of memorizing. Have in mind the rules for memorizing
 given in section 5 of this chapter.
- Observe by  introspection   your    method  of  recall  of  historical  events  you have
 studied, and note whether images form an important part of your memory
 material; or does your recall consist chiefly of bare facts? In how far does this
 depend on your method of learning the facts in the first place?
- Carefully   consider    your    experience  from    cramming    your    lessons.    Does    the
 material learned in this way stay with you? Do you understand it and find
 yourself able to use it as well as stuff learned during a longer interval and with
 more time for associations to form?
