Mass of star (relative to the sun)
8–10× Electron-capture supernova Neutron star10–20× Type-II core-collapse supernova Neutron star20–40× Type-II core-collapse supernova Black hole40–100× Type-Ibc core-collapse supernova Black holeGreater than 260× Black hole100–260× Pair-instability supernova NothingDeath progression Corpse (remnant)?Dense shell
of gas
and dust made
of carbon
and oxygenStarGamma-ray burst
(black hole launches a fast jet)
or dirty fireball (black hole launches a slow jet)Rapidly spinning black holeStellar remnant materialJetSuperluminous supernova
(neutron star launches a wind)Neutron star with strong
magnetic field (magnetar)WindStellar remnant/
materialSlow jet launched by
a black hole
or maybe a magnetar
driving a windAT2018cowA dense torus of
gas and dust that
presumably used
to be part of
the star and
was recently shedJets stifled inside
recently shed materialJetJet cocoonSpinning
black holeNeutron star
(likely)SN2018gep Explosion debris hits shellB ● ODDITY: ENGINE-DRIVEN EXPLOSIONS
3ometimes it seems that the corpse of a dead stara newly created
neutron star or black holeremains active and forms an engine
that launches a powerful ¦et or wind. This probably happens when
the starÝs core is rotating extremely quickly at the time of collapse.
$aybe the star was spinning fast to begin with or gained speed
through an interaction with a binary companion. Examples of
engine-driven explosions are shown here
Êcircled in green, orange and yellowË.