7th Grade Science Student ebook

15.3 VERTEBRATE STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION

CHAPTER 15: ANIMALS

Amphibians

What are

amphibians?

Amphibians are ectothermic, smooth-skinned vertebrates,

such as frogs and salamanders, that usually hatch as an

aquatic larva with gills. Scientists think the first amphibians

evolved from an ancestor of the lungfish (Figure 15.23). Lungfish

have lungs like most amphibians. A lung is a sac-like organ that

takes oxygen from the air and transfers it to the blood. Lungfish

have limb-like fins that help them to scuttle across mud on the

shore. The fins of the ancient lungfish evolved to become strong

enough to support their body weight on land. Eventually,

amphibians that could live on land most of the time evolved.

Adaptations Many amphibians are adapted to live part of their lives on

land. Many live in damp habitats and some live in the water.

Amphibians breathe by taking oxygen into their lungs. But many

also absorb oxygen through their skin. Many

amphibians have thin skin that is smooth

and moist. Oxygen can easily diffuse across

the skin and into their blood and tissues.

Reproduction

and life cycle

Amphibian eggs do not have a shell

and are usually laid in the

water. In frogs, fertilization is

external while salamanders

have internal fertilization. The

amphibian embryo usually hatches

in the water as a larva called a

tadpole. The tadpole has gills and a

tail. Eventually, it develops limbs and

lungs, loses its tail, and becomes an adult.

Once the amphibian becomes an adult, it

can live part of the time on land.

Figure 15.23: A lungfish.

lung - a sac-like organ that takes

oxygen from the air and transfers it

to the blood.