Everything Life Sciences Grade 10

2. Name the key food items you would include in a balanced diet

Nutrient composition of some common foods

Food

type

Energy

(kJ)

Protein

(g)

Carbohydrate

(g)

Total

Fat (g)

Sodium

(mg)

Iron

(mg)

Vitamin

A

(IU)

Vitamin

C (mg)

rice,

brown

(250 ml)

969 5 48 2 10 0.9 0 0

Muffin,

blue-

berry (50

g)

824 4 34 5 317 1.1 24 1

Beansprouts(250

ml)

274 6 14 0 12 2.5 41 21

Carrots

raw (1

medium)

145 1 8 1 35 0.4 22644 7

Apples,

raw,

with skin

(7cm di-

ameter)

341 0 21 2.6 0 0.2 73 8

Egg

white,

raw (1

egg)

69 3 0 0 54 0 0 0

Lamb

stew

(250 ml)

914 33 0 9 69 2.7 0 0

Chicken

roasted

(1/2

breast)

218 30 0 10 69 0.6 107 0

2.7 Summary

• Cells are made up of organic and inorganic molecules which in turn are made up of
  atoms bonded together.


• Living organisms need to consume organic and inorganic compounds, which they
  break down for energy and use as building blocks for the components of life.


• Essential compounds are those that a living organism cannot build itself from other
  molecules, but must obtain from its environment.


• Plants may require a supply of inorganic nutrients through natural and non-natural
  fertilisers. An excess of non-natural fertilisers supplied to plants may result in eutroph-
  ication of rivers and lakes.


• Proteins, carbohydrates and fats are key organic molecules required for growth and

52 2.7. Summary