Everything Maths Grade 11

18.5 CHAPTER 18. STATISTICS

18.5 Scatter Plots

EMBEE

A scatter-plot is a graphthat shows the relationship between two variables. We say this is bivariate data

and we plot the data from two different sets using ordered pairs. For example, we could have mass on

the horizontal axis (firstvariable) and height onthe second axis (secondvariable), or we could have

current on the horizontal axis and voltage on thevertical axis.

Ohm’s Law is an important relationship in physics. Ohm’s law describes the relationship between

current and voltage in aconductor, like a pieceof wire. When we measure the voltage (dependent

variable) that results froma certain current (independent variable) in a wire, we get the data points as

shown in Table 18.3.

Table 18.3: Values of current and voltage measured in a wire.

Current Voltage Current Voltage

0 0. 4 2. 4 1. 4

0. 2 0. 3 2. 6 1. 6

0. 4 0. 6 2. 8 1. 9

0. 6 0. 6 3 1. 9

0. 8 0. 4 3. 2 2

1 1 3. 4 1. 9

1. 2 0. 9 3. 6 2. 1

1. 4 0. 7 3. 8 2. 1

1. 6 1 4 2. 4

1. 8 1. 1 4. 2 2. 4

2 1. 3 4. 4 2. 5

2. 2 1. 1 4. 6 2. 5

When we plot this dataas points, we get the scatter plot shown in Figure18.4.

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Voltage

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Figure 18.4: Example ofa scatter plot

If we are to come up with a function that best describes the data, we would have to say that a straight

line best describes this data.