Cracking the SAT Chemistry Subject Test
CHAPTER 13 ORGANIC CHEMISTRY AND
ENVIRONMENTAL CHEMISTRY
Drill 1
- B In organic molecules, oxygen atoms will have two lone pairs and
nitrogen atoms will have one lone pair. The only type of organic molecule
from the list that has neither oxygen nor nitrogen atoms are the alkenes,
which consist entirely of carbon and hydrogen atoms, neither of which have
lone pairs in organic molecules.
- E Amines have an NH 2 group, which will readily accept additional
protons. It thus acts as a Brønsted-Lowry base, making the pH of the
resultant solution greater than 7.
- C A carbonyl group (C=O) is only bonded to a terminal carbon in
ketones. Aldehydes also have a carbonyl group, but in that case they are not
bonded to a terminal carbon.
- D Fluorine is a member of the halogens, making any organic molecule
containing it a halide.
- F, T Divide and conquer! Photodissociation describes the process of
breaking down a diatomic oxygen molecule into elemental oxygen
atoms. This is part of the creation of an ozone molecule, not the
depletion of one, so the first statement is false. Regardless of that first
part, elemental chlorine will still react with ozone to create chlorine
monoxide (a reaction that is part of the depletion of the ozone layer)
and so the second statement is true.
- T, T Both statements are true: Enzymes do act as catalysts in biological
reactions, and polysaccharides do contain large amounts of energy.
However, are the statements connected to one another? Enzymes are
always proteins, and additionally, they speed up the reaction rate by
lowering the overall activation energy of the reaction. The amount of
