protons) are identical. The first statement is false and the second is
true.
- F, F Divide and conquer. At a given temperature, the density of water
stays the same whether we have 10 grams or 20 grams, so statement I
is false. Statement II is also false: Molecules in the liquid (and solid)
state are much closer than they are in the gaseous state.
- T, T, CE
Both sodium and cesium are in the alkali metal family.
As such, they have similar chemical properties, so
statement I is true. Statement II is also true: Alkali
metals such as sodium and cesium have 1 valence
electron in their atoms. Do the two statements make
sense when they are combined? Do sodium and cesium
exhibit similar chemical properties because their atoms
have the same number of valence electrons? Yes, so fill
in oval CE.
- T, T, CE
Divide and conquer. Can an endothermic reaction be
spontaneous? Have you ever seen an ice cube melt at
room temperature? That’s a spontaneous endothermic
process, so the first statement is true. What about the
second statement? Remember that the change in Gibbs
free energy, ∆G, depends on enthalpy change, ∆H, and
entropy change, ∆ S: ∆G = ∆H − T∆S. Statement II is
also true. Does the second statement explain the first?
Yes, it does. That ice cube melts at room temperature
because the increase in entropy for the process
overcomes the change to a higher energy state. Fill in
the CE oval.
- T, T, CE
The first statement is true. The 3d orbitals are of higher
energy than the 4s orbital, so the 4s orbital fills first.
Evaluate the second statement. It is true. Subshells do
fill in order of lower to higher energy. Does the second
