AP European History Practice Test 1, Section I, Part A (^) ‹ 223
Questions 46–48 refer to the following passage:
The assumption by a government of the office of Reliever-general to the poor is necessarily forbidden by the prin-
ciple that a government cannot rightly do anything more than protect. In demanding from a citizen contributions
for the mitigation of distress... the state is... reversing its function.... To enforce the fundamental law—to take
care that every man has freedom to do all that he wills, provided he infringes not the equal freedom of any other
man.... [But that] is quite a separate thing from insuring him satisfaction....
The poverty of the incapable, the distresses that come upon the imprudent, the starvation of the idle, and those
shoulderings aside of the weak by the strong... are the decrees of a large, farseeing benevolence.... When regarded
not separately, but in connection with the interests of universal humanity, these harsh fatalities are seen to be full
of the highest beneficence.
Herbert Spencer, Social Statistics: Survival of the Fittest Applied to Humankind, 1851
- Spencer was an advocate of which nineteenth-
century political philosophy?
A. Conservatism
B. Anarchism
C. Liberalism
D. Socialism - Which of the following best represents Spencer’s
underlying belief?
A. He opposed the use of tax money to provide
aid to the poor.
B. He challenged the government’s right to tax
the people.
C. He believed that the government should do
more than merely protect its people.
D. He believed that working people should
unite for a common cause. - Spencer supported which social philosophy?
A. Utopian socialism
B. Social conservatism
C. Romanticism
D. Social Darwinism
Questions 49–52 refer to the following passage:The principle which regulates the existing social relations between the two sexes—the legal subordination of one
sex to the other—is wrong in itself, and now one of the chief hindrances to human improvement.... The masters
of all other slaves rely, for maintaining obedience on fear.... The masters of women wanted more than simple
obedience, and they turned their whole force of education to effect their purpose. All women are brought up from
the very earliest years in the belief that their ideal of character is the very opposite of that of men; not self-will and
government by self-control, but submission and yielding to the control of others.... If the general principle of
social and economic science is... true, we ought to act as if we believed it, and not to ordain that to be born a girl
instead of a boy... shall decide the person’s position through all life.”John Stuart Mill, The Subjection of Women, 1869- Mill was an advocate of which nineteenth-cen-
tury political philosophy?
A. Socialism
B. Conservatism
C. Anarchism
D. Liberalism - Mill also advocated which of the following?
A. the abolition of slavery
.B the maintenance of a patriarchal social
organization
C. the reform of women’s education
D. an end to arranged marriages
24_Bartolini_QuesPrac1_207-230.indd 223 27/04/18 10:15 AM