266 ❯ STEP 4. Review the Knowledge You Need to Score High
- Which of the following lists the types of radia-
tion in the correct order of increasing penetrating
power?
(A) a, g, b
(B) b, a, g
(C) a, b, g
(D) b, g, a - Choose the correct statement from the following
that is applicable to b particles.
(A) Beta particles are electrons and have a mass
number of zero and a charge of –1.
(B) Beta particles have a mass number of zero, a
charge of –1, and are less penetrating than a
particles.
(C) Beta particles are electrons with a charge of
+1 and are less penetrating than a particles.
(D) Beta particles have a mass number of zero
and a charge of +1. - An atom of^23892 U undergoes radioactive decay by
a emission. What is the product nuclide?
(A) 23090 Th
(B) 23490 Th
(C) 23092 U(D) (^23091) Pa
- If 75% of a sample of pure^31 H decays in 24.6 years,
what is the half-life of^31 H?
(A) 24.6 y
(B) 18.4 y
(C) 12.3 y
(D) 6.15 y
7. Which of the following will have the smallest
mass defect?
(A)^238 U
(B)^12 C
(C)^56 Fe
(D)^1 H
8. Several types of radioactive decay were mentioned
in this chapter. How does electron capture differ
from the other types mentioned?
(A) Electron capture is the only radioactive decay
process that involves an electron.
(B) Electron capture is the only radioactive
decay process in which something enters the
nucleus.
(C) Electron capture is the only radioactive decay
process that does not change the mass defect.
(D) Electron capture is the only radioactive decay
process that involves no change in atomic
number.
9. The age of the Earth is over 4.4 billion years. This
was determined by radioactive dating. Which of
the following radioactive isotopes could NOT be
used to determine the age of the Earth?
(A)^87 Rb
(B)^238 U
(C)^40 K
(D)^14 C
10. Uranium-236 undergoes spontaneous fission
as indicated by the following partial equation:
236
92 U →^4
1
0 n +^136
53 I + ___. What is the missing
product?
(A)^9039 Y
(B)^9638 Sr
(C)^9639 Y
(D)^9840 Zr