5 Steps to a 5 AP Chemistry 2019

284 ❯ STEP 4. Review the Knowledge You Need to Score High

You will need to know the basic measurements required for the experiment.

For example, you may need to measure the initial and final temperatures. Do not

make the mistake of saying you measure the change in temperature. You calculate

the change in temperature from your measured initial and final temperatures. You

do not need to give a lot of detail when listing the required measurements, but

you need to be very specific in what you measure. Many students have lost exam

points for not clearly distinguishing between measured and calculated values.

The basic calculations fall into two categories. Simple calculations, such as the

change in temperature or the change in volume, are the easiest to forget. Simple

calculations may also include mass-to-mole conversions. The other

calculations normally involve entering values into one of the equations given at the

beginning of the previous chapters of this book.

Keywords and Equations

Pay particular attention to the specific keywords and equations in the chapters

associated with the individual experiments.

A = abc (A = absorbance; a = molar absorbtivity; b = path length;

c = concentration)

KEY IDEA

analytical balance

barometer

beaker(s)

buret

burner

calorimeter

capillary tubes

centrifuge

clamp

crucible and cover

cuvettes

desiccator

drying oven

electrodes

Erlenmeyer flask

evaporating dish

filter crucibles

and adapters

filter flasks

forceps

funnel

graduated cylinder

hot plate

ice

ion exchange resin

or silica gel

Meker burner

mortar and pestle

pH meter

pipet

power supply (battery)

Pt or Ni test wire

rubber tubing

spectrophotometer

stirrer

stopwatch

support stand

test-tube rack

test tube(s)

thermometer

tongs

triangle crucible support

voltmeter

volumetric flask

wash bottle

watch glass

water bath

wire gauze

KEY IDEA

Experiment 1: Spectroscopy

Synopsis

Specific experiments that are performed in this investigation are an introduction to the field

of spectroscopy. They are designed to demonstrate the relationship between the amount of

light absorbed by some solutions and their concentrations. Light of a specific wavelength

is passed through both the solvent and a sample. The amount of light transmitted by the

solvent is subtracted from the amount of light transmitted by the sample. If you made a