5 Steps to a 5 AP Chemistry 2019

350 ❯ STEP 5. Build Your Test-Taking Confidence

36. All the bases in the diagram behave as Brønsted-
    Lowry bases in the same way; in each case, they
    accept a hydrogen ion to the same atom. How is
    this acceptance of a hydrogen ion accomplished?
    (A) A hydrogen ion attaches to the lone pair on
    the nitrogen atom.
    (B) The hydroxide ion reacts with the hydrogen
    ion to form water.
    (C) The hydrogen ion forms a hydrogen bond
    to the base.
    (D) The hydrogen ion combines with a hydro-
    gen atom from the base to form H 2 gas.


37. Which of the following explains why the pH of a
    hydroxylamine solution is lower than any of the
    other solutions?
    (A) The -OH is capable of donating a hydro-
    gen ion, which will lower the pH.
    (B) The presence of carbon makes the bases less
    stable.
    (C) The presence of the very electronegative
    oxygen inhibits the nitrogen atom from
    donating its electron pair.
    (D) There is insufficient information to explain
    this observation.


38. Oxidation of which of the following substances
    will yield a stronger acid?
    (A) HNO 2
    (B) HNO 3
    (C) H 2 SO 4
    (D) H 3 PO 4

C H

H

H H

H

H C

H

H C

H

H

H

H

C F

H

H

H

C O

H

H

C H

N

C H

C H

H

H C

H

H

C H

H H H H

N

39. Which of the compounds in the above diagram
    is capable of participating in hydrogen bonding?
    (A) C 3 H 9 N
    (B) CH 3 F
    (C) C 2 H 6 O
    (D) C 4 H 11 N


40. Choose the reaction expected to have the greatest
    decrease in entropy.
    (A) C(s) + CO 2 (g) → 2 CO(g)
    (B) 2 Na(s) + O 2 (g) → Na 2 O 2 (s)
    (C) CH 4 (g) + 2 O 2 (g) → CO 2 (g) + 2 H 2 O(g)
    (D) 2 NI 3 (s) → 3 I 2 (s) + N 2 (g)


41. A certain reaction is nonspontaneous under stan-
    dard conditions, but becomes spontaneous at
    higher temperatures. What conclusions may be
    drawn under standard conditions?
    (A) ΔH < 0, ΔS < 0, and ΔG = 0
    (B) ΔH > 0, ΔS < 0, and ΔG > 0
    (C) ΔH < 0, ΔS < 0, and ΔG > 0
    (D) ΔH > 0, ΔS > 0, and ΔG > 0


42. Which of the following is the correct order of
    increasing acid strength?
    (A) H 2 SeO 3 < H 2 SO 3 < HClO < HBrO
    (B) HClO < H 2 SeO 3 < HBrO < H 2 SO 3
    (C) HBrO < HClO < H 2 SeO 3 < H 2 SO 3
    (D) H 2 SO 3 < H 2 SeO 3 < HClO < HBrO

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21-Moore_PE02_p341-370.indd 350 31/05/18 1:54 pm