90 ❯ STEP 4. Review the Knowledge You Need to Score High
- The part of the brain most closely associated
with maintaining balance and the coordination
of complex sequences of movements is the
(A) hypothalamus
(B) thalamus
(C) pons
(D) medulla
(E) cerebellum - Loss of the ability of the brain to produce adequate
levels of dopamine often leads to
(A) aphasia
(B) Alzheimer’s disease
(C) Parkinson’s disease
(D) bipolar disorder
(E) amnesia
15. Which task is primarily a right cerebral hemi-
sphere function in most people?
(A) understanding written language
(B) understanding spoken language
(C) processing visual information from the left eye
(D) recognizing faces
(E) processing sensory information from the
right leg - D—Terminal buttons secrete neurotransmitters
into the synapse. - E—Broca’s area is a region in the left frontal lobe
anterior to the motor cortex. - E—PET scans visualize changes in the brain as it
functions. While fMRI also shows changes in the
brain as it functions, MRI and CT scans show
structure only. - D—Our simplest behaviors are reflexes. Sneezing
and blinking are reflexes. - E—Adrenaline is a hormone that speeds up
breathing and heart rate, sends a message to
change stored food back to glucose, etc. The
sympathetic nervous system stimulates the same
changes in the body. - D—The center for sensation in the brain is
the somatosensory region of the cerebral cortex
located in the front of the parietal lobes. Nerves
carrying sensations from the right side of the body
cross over to the left side of the brain, so the most
probable site of damage is the left parietal lobe. - B—Interneurons are found in the brain and
spinal cord only. The others can be found in the
peripheral nervous system. - A—The pituitary gland, which is sometimes
called “the master gland,” produces many hor-
mones that stimulate other glands, including the
adrenals, parathyroids, thyroid, and ovaries.- C—Lesions are interruptions in tissue. While the
other choices may accompany wounds, tumors,
and strokes, they also may not. - D—Presence of the Y chromosome determines
the sex of a human baby. Of the choices, only
a Klinefelter’s child (XXY) must have a Y
chromosome. - B—The peripheral nervous system comprises the
autonomic nervous and somatic nervous system.
The autonomic nervous system is subdivided into
the parasympathetic and sympathetic nervous
systems. - D—Motor neurons or efferent neurons cause
muscles to contract or glands to secrete. - E—The cerebellum functions in balance and
coordination. - C—Parkinson’s disease is associated with deple-
tion of cells that produce dopamine. - D—Pattern matching and picture and facial rec-
ognition are all right hemispheric functions.
❯ answers and explanations