310 ❯ STEP 5. Build Your Test-Taking Confidence- According to social learning theory, gender iden-
tity results primarily from
(A) chromosomal differences in the sex chromo-
somes and hormones secreted during prena-
tal development
(B) resolution of the Oedipal complex resulting
in identification with the same-sex parent
(C) observation and imitation of significant role
models
(D) consistent reinforcement of gender-
appropriate behaviors and punishment of
gender-inappropriate behaviors
(E) labeling of a child as a boy or a girl- According to David Napolitan and George
Goethals, fundamental attribution error is most
likely to occur when explaining
(*NOTE: This question has only 4 choices.)
(A) bad behavior by a person we know
(B) good behavior by a person we know
(C) bad behavior by a person we never met
before
(D) good behavior by a person we never met
before- The position on the basilar membrane at which
waves reach their peak depends on the frequency
of a tone, according to which theory?
(A) opponent-process
(B) trichromatic
(C) place
(D) volley
(E) frequency- Lev Vygotsky’s approach to the study of cogni-
tive development was
(A) psychodynamic
(B) behavioral
(C) biological
(D) sociocultural
(E) evolutionary- The left cerebral hemisphere is specialized for
which of the following functions?
(A) verbal, mathematical, and recognizing emo-
tional expressions
(B) mathematical, spatial, and musical
(C) verbal, analytic, and mathematical
(D) mathematical, spatial, and analytic
(E) spatial, musical, and identifying faces- The contingency model explains classical condi-
tioning from which of the following perspectives?
(A) behavioral
(B) psychoanalytic
(C) cognitive
(D) humanistic
(E) biomedical- All people have essentially the same set of traits,
differing only in terms of the extent to which
they show each trait, according to which of the
following personality theories?
(A) nomothetic
(B) idiographic
(C) Freudian
(D) somatotype
(E) biological- After Tamika complained to her mother about
how little she has, Tamika and her mother went
to a soup kitchen to volunteer to serve dinner to
the homeless. After serving 120 dinners, Tamika
told her mother how happy she is that they can
afford to buy delicious foods she loves. Tamika’s
increased perception that she is happy is best
explained by applying which of the following
theories?
(A) relative deprivation
(B) adaptation-level
(C) Yerkes-Dodson arousal
(D) diathesis-stress
(E) attributionPracticeexam-02.indd 310 27-05-2018 16:02:35